CVE-2026-17054

Description

The Espressif ESP-hosted Wi-Fi driver (drivers/wifi/esp_hosted/) parses frames received over SPI from the ESP co-processor in esp_hosted_event_task(). For control frames it took the 16-bit TLV field data_length straight off the wire and passed it to pb_istream_from_buffer(frame.data_value, frame.data_length) without checking it against the frame length or the receive buffer. frame.data_value sits 26 bytes into a 3188-byte stack object, so a data_length of up to 0xFFFF makes pb_decode() read up to roughly 62 KB past the end of that object. Only the first fragment of a fragmented control response carries a TLV header; the pre-fix driver performed half-duplex SPI transactions and silently discarded any frame the co-processor queued while the host was transmitting (esp_hosted_hal_spi_transfer() aliased the RX buffer onto the TX buffer). When the discarded frame is the first fragment of a fragmented response, the driver treats the next fragment as a new frame — its per-fragment header and checksum are genuine, so both validation steps pass — and reads the TLV header out of raw protobuf continuation bytes. Those bytes come from control responses whose size and content an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker can influence, notably the AP scan list, which grows with the number and SSID length of access points in radio range. The impact is denial of service rather than disclosure. Reading past the end of the RAM region faults the device, and CONFIG_NANOPB_ENABLE_MALLOC is selected by the driver, so garbage length prefixes read out of bounds also drive heap allocations. The out-of-bounds bytes themselves do not reach the application: pb_decode() is started mid-stream on raw protobuf continuation bytes and so almost always fails outright, and anything that did decode would still have to pass esp_hosted_response(), which requires an exact msg_id match against the pending request, and then esp_hosted_ctrl_response(), which requires a success resp — an attacker influences the size and content of legitimate control responses, not the structure decoded out of misaligned bytes. Two related defects in the same receive path make the denial of service permanent: the fragment reassembly guard was sized with ESP_FRAME_SIZE instead of ESP_FRAME_MAX_PAYLOAD and, when tripped, returned from the sole RX thread instead of dropping the frame, and unhandled control events were queued with k_msgq_put(..., K_FOREVER) on an eight-entry queue that nothing drains, blocking that same thread. The driver has no watchdog or restart path, so either condition ends all Wi-Fi reception until the device is rebooted.

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): zephyr
CVSS severity: MEDIUM
CVSS score: 5.3 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Effective score: 5.3 / 10 MEDIUM source: CNA overview
CWE(s): CWE-125
Reserved: 2026-07-24
Published: 2026-09-21 21:16 UTC
Last updated: 2026-09-21 21:16 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/17xxx/CVE-2026-17054.json

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2026-09-21 22:16:56 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-09-21 22:16:56 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 5.3 / 10 MEDIUM source: vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Exploitability subscore: 1.6 / 10
Impact subscore: 3.6 / 10

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2026-84179
Assigner: zephyr
Published: Sep 21, 2026, 9:16:05 PM
Updated: Sep 21, 2026, 9:16:05 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1): 5.3 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
EUVD-reported EPSS: 0.0000
Vendors: zephyrproject
Products: Zephyr (4.2.0 <4.4.2)

ENISA description: The Espressif ESP-hosted Wi-Fi driver (drivers/wifi/esp_hosted/) parses frames received over SPI from the ESP co-processor in esp_hosted_event_task(). For control frames it took the 16-bit TLV field data_length straight off the wire and passed it to pb_istream_from_buffer(frame.data_value, frame.data_length) without checking it against the frame length or the receive buffer. frame.data_value sits 26 bytes into a 3188-byte stack object, so a data_length of up to 0xFFFF makes pb_decode() read up to roughly 62 KB past the end of that object. Only the first fragment of a fragmented control response carries a TLV header; the pre-fix driver performed half-duplex SPI transactions and silently discarded any frame the co-processor queued while the host was transmitting (esp_hosted_hal_spi_transfer() aliased the RX buffer onto the TX buffer). When the discarded frame is the first fragment of a fragmented response, the driver treats the next fragment as a new frame — its per-fragment header and checksum are genuine, so both validation steps pass — and reads the TLV header out of raw protobuf continuation bytes. Those bytes come from control responses whose size and content an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker can influence, notably the AP scan list, which grows with the number and SSID length of access points in radio range. The impact is denial of service rather than disclosure. Reading past the end of the RAM region faults the device, and CONFIG_NANOPB_ENABLE_MALLOC is selected by the driver, so garbage length prefixes read out of bounds also drive heap allocations. The out-of-bounds bytes themselves do not reach the application: pb_decode() is started mid-stream on raw protobuf continuation bytes and so almost always fails outright, and anything that did decode would still have to pass esp_hosted_response(), which requires an exact msg_id match against the pending request, and then esp_hosted_ctrl_response(), which requires a success resp — an attacker influences the size and content of legitimate control responses, not the structure decoded out of misaligned bytes. Two related defects in the same receive path make the denial of service permanent: the fragment reassembly guard was sized with ESP_FRAME_SIZE instead of ESP_FRAME_MAX_PAYLOAD and, when tripped, returned from the sole RX thread instead of dropping the frame, and unhandled control events were queued with k_msgq_put(..., K_FOREVER) on an eight-entry queue that nothing drains, blocking that same thread. The driver has no watchdog or restart path, so either condition ends all Wi-Fi reception until the device is rebooted.

EUVD references (2)

Affected products (1)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
zephyrproject	zephyr	`4.2.0` (affected)	—

Vendor references (2)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

Fix commit patch
GHSA-mq9g-c5j9-79v5

Web references (0)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

No web references attached yet.

NVD-tagged references (2)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/93c32f240c9661f321233c134cfdd07f8dc97bb8 vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org
https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-mq9g-c5j9-79v5 vulnerabilities@zephyrproject.org

Remediations (10)

CVE-2026-17054 - Vulnerability Details - OpenCVE

web:app.opencve.io

Only the first fragment of a fragmented control response carries a TLV header; the pre- fix driver performed half-duplex SPI transactions and silently discarded any frame the co-processor queued while the host was transmitting (esp_hosted_hal_spi_transfer () aliased the RX buffer onto the TX buffer). When the discarded frame is the first fragment of a fragmented response, the driver treats the ...

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
August 2026 cumulative update - .NET Framework | Microsoft Learn

web:learn.microsoft.com

This update installs the complete .NET Framework 3.5 product for Windows 11, version 26H1 (build version 28000) and newer. Unlike traditional cumulative updates that patch individual components, this update delivers the full .NET Framework 3.5 product as a standalone installer. It replaces any previously installed version.

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

web:msrc.microsoft.com

Access Microsoft Security Response Center's guide to address vulnerabilities, manage security risks, and keep your systems protected with the latest updates.

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
Cisco Advance Notification for Publication of September 16, 2026 ...

web:sec.cloudapps.cisco.com

On September 16, 2026 , the Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) published the advisories that are listed in the following tables. To remediate these vulnerabilities, Cisco strongly recommends that customers upgrade to the fixed software that is indicated in the advisories. For more information about changes in Cisco PSIRT vulnerability disclosure, see Strengthening the ...

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
Description of the security update for Office 2016: August 11, 2026 ...

web:support.microsoft.com

Be aware that the update in the Microsoft Download Center applies to the Microsoft Installer (.msi)-based edition of Office 2016. It doesn't apply to the Office 2016 Click-to-Run editions, such as Microsoft Office 365 Home. (See What version of Office am I using?) How to get and install the update Method 1: Microsoft Update This update is available from Microsoft Update. When you turn on ...

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
CVE-2026-17054 - The Espressif ESP-hosted Wi-Fi

web:www.nmmapper.com

cve details for CVE-2026-17054 - The Espressif ESP-hosted Wi-Fi viewing details and related vulnerabilities.

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
The 8 Best Automated Vulnerability Remediation Tools in 2026

web:www.openhands.dev

Compare 8 automated vulnerability remediation tools for 2026 on fixes, prioritization, integrations, and deployment control.

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - July 2026

web:www.oracle.com

This Critical Patch Update contains 1448 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that a My Oracle Support (MOS) note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at July 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
Oracle Critical Security Patch Update Advisory - June 2026

web:www.oracle.com

Additional CVEs addressed are: The patch for CVE - 2026 -34481 also addresses CVE - 2026 -34477, CVE - 2026 -34478, CVE - 2026 -34479, and CVE - 2026 -34480. Oracle Fusion Middleware Risk Matrix This Critical Security Patch Update contains 106 new security patches for Oracle Fusion Middleware. 53 of these vulnerabilities may be remotely exploitable without authentication, i.e., may be exploited over a ...

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC
CVE-2026-17054 - Tenable

web:www.tenable.com

Only the first fragment of a fragmented control response carries a TLV header; the pre- fix driver performed half-duplex SPI transactions and silently discarded any frame the co-processor queued while the host was transmitting (esp_hosted_hal_spi_transfer () aliased the RX buffer onto the TX buffer).

2026-09-22 17:11 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-17054.json.

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr",
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "zephyr",
          "product": "zephyr",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/wifi/esp_hosted/Kconfig.esp_hosted",
            "drivers/wifi/esp_hosted/esp_hosted_hal.c",
            "drivers/wifi/esp_hosted/esp_hosted_util.h",
            "drivers/wifi/esp_hosted/esp_hosted_wifi.c",
            "drivers/wifi/esp_hosted/esp_hosted_wifi.h"
          ],
          "programRoutines": [
            {
              "name": "esp_hosted_event_task"
            },
            {
              "name": "esp_hosted_hal_spi_transfer"
            }
          ],
          "vendor": "zephyrproject",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "4.4.2",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "4.2.0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Espressif ESP-hosted Wi-Fi driver (drivers/wifi/esp_hosted/) parses frames received over SPI from the ESP co-processor in esp_hosted_event_task(). For control frames it took the 16-bit TLV field data_length straight off the wire and passed it to pb_istream_from_buffer(frame.data_value, frame.data_length) without checking it against the frame length or the receive buffer. frame.data_value sits 26 bytes into a 3188-byte stack object, so a data_length of up to 0xFFFF makes pb_decode() read up to roughly 62 KB past the end of that object.\n\nOnly the first fragment of a fragmented control response carries a TLV header; the pre-fix driver performed half-duplex SPI transactions and silently discarded any frame the co-processor queued while the host was transmitting (esp_hosted_hal_spi_transfer() aliased the RX buffer onto the TX buffer). When the discarded frame is the first fragment of a fragmented response, the driver treats the next fragment as a new frame \u2014 its per-fragment header and checksum are genuine, so both validation steps pass \u2014 and reads the TLV header out of raw protobuf continuation bytes. Those bytes come from control responses whose size and content an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker can influence, notably the AP scan list, which grows with the number and SSID length of access points in radio range.\n\nThe impact is denial of service rather than disclosure. Reading past the end of the RAM region faults the device, and CONFIG_NANOPB_ENABLE_MALLOC is selected by the driver, so garbage length prefixes read out of bounds also drive heap allocations. The out-of-bounds bytes themselves do not reach the application: pb_decode() is started mid-stream on raw protobuf continuation bytes and so almost always fails outright, and anything that did decode would still have to pass esp_hosted_response(), which requires an exact msg_id match against the pending request, and then esp_hosted_ctrl_response(), which requires a success resp \u2014 an attacker influences the size and content of legitimate control responses, not the structure decoded out of misaligned bytes. Two related defects in the same receive path make the denial of service permanent: the fragment reassembly guard was sized with ESP_FRAME_SIZE instead of ESP_FRAME_MAX_PAYLOAD and, when tripped, returned from the sole RX thread instead of dropping the frame, and unhandled control events were queued with k_msgq_put(..., K_FOREVER) on an eight-entry queue that nothing drains, blocking that same thread. The driver has no watchdog or restart path, so either condition ends all Wi-Fi reception until the device is rebooted."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 5.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:A/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-125",
              "description": "bounds",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T21:16:05.314Z",
        "orgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
        "shortName": "zephyr"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "Fix commit",
          "tags": [
            "patch"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/commit/93c32f240c9661f321233c134cfdd07f8dc97bb8"
        },
        {
          "name": "GHSA-mq9g-c5j9-79v5",
          "url": "https://github.com/zephyrproject-rtos/zephyr/security/advisories/GHSA-mq9g-c5j9-79v5"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Out-of-bounds read and permanent loss of Wi-Fi reception in the ESP-hosted SPI driver's frame reassembly",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "e2e69745-5e70-4e92-8431-deb5529a81ad",
    "assignerShortName": "zephyr",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-17054",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-21T21:16:05.314Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-24T13:31:08.179Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T21:16:05.314Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}