s2
--:--:--UTC

Searching APEX

Starting…

  1. ○ Searching Threats, IOCs & Threat Intelligence locally
  2. ○ Querying external providers
  3. ○ Asking AI Forensic Validator
  4. ○ Creating new entry from validated hit

0s elapsed

CVE-2026-18439

📛 CVE Title

Tutor LMS <= 4.0.7 - Authenticated (Custom+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Quiz Question/Answer Modification and Deletion via 'payload' Parameter

⬇ Download JSON

Description

The Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 4.0.7 via the tutor_quiz_builder_save AJAX action due to missing validation that nested question_id, answer_id, deleted_question_ids[], and deleted_answer_ids[] values in the submitted payload belong to a quiz/topic/course the requester is authorized to manage. The handler only validates the top-level course_id, topic_id, and (when supplied) payload['ID'], but the nested identifiers are passed straight into $wpdb->update/DELETE statements in QuizBuilder::save_questions(), QuizBuilder::save_question_answers(), and QuizBuilder::handle_delete(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Instructor-level access and above, to overwrite the content and re-parent arbitrary quiz questions/answers belonging to other instructors or administrators, and to delete arbitrary quiz question and answer rows.

Overview

State
PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA)
Wordfence
CVSS severity
MEDIUM
CVSS score
CVSS 4.3 / 10 4.3 4.3 / 10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Effective score
4.3 / 10 MEDIUM source: CNA overview
CWE(s)
CWE-639
Reserved
2026-07-30
Published
2026-09-22 07:41 UTC
Last updated
2026-09-22 07:41 UTC
Source
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/18xxx/CVE-2026-18439.json

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published
2026-09-22 08:16:39 UTC
NVD last modified
2026-09-22 19:04:55 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1
CVSS 4.3 / 10 4.3 4.3 / 10 MEDIUM source: security@wordfence.com
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
Exploitability subscore
2.8 / 10
Impact subscore
1.4 / 10
EPSS score
0.0025 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile
16.70% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-09-22

NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-09-23 01:42 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID
EUVD-2026-84301
Assigner
Wordfence
Published
Sep 22, 2026, 7:41:12 AM
Updated
Sep 22, 2026, 7:41:12 AM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
4.3 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
EUVD-reported EPSS
0.2500
Vendors
Themeum
Products
Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution (0 ≤4.0.7)
Aliases
GHSA-9x9f-f428-ff8p

ENISA description: The Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 4.0.7 via the tutor_quiz_builder_save AJAX action due to missing validation that nested question_id, answer_id, deleted_question_ids[], and deleted_answer_ids[] values in the submitted payload belong to a quiz/topic/course the requester is authorized to manage. The handler only validates the top-level course_id, topic_id, and (when supplied) payload['ID'], but the nested identifiers are passed straight into $wpdb->update/DELETE statements in QuizBuilder::save_questions(), QuizBuilder::save_question_answers(), and QuizBuilder::handle_delete(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Instructor-level access and above, to overwrite the content and re-parent arbitrary quiz questions/answers belonging to other instructors or administrators, and to delete arbitrary quiz question and answer rows.

EUVD references (12)

Affected products (1)
VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
themeum Tutor LMS – eLearning and online course solution 0 (affected) —

Vendor references (12)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

Web references (0)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

No web references attached yet.

NVD-tagged references (12)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

Remediations (10)

  • July 2026 Critical Patch Update Released | security - Oracle Blogs
    web:blogs.oracle.com

    For more information about the Critical Patch Update program, see the security vulnerability remediation practices page located on the Oracle Trust Center.

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • Update: Monthly Critical Security Patch Updates (CSPUs) Begin May 28 ...
    web:blogs.oracle.com

    As a follow-up to our recent post, Accelerating Vulnerability Detection and Response, Oracle is announcing the start date and cadence for monthly Critical Security Patch Updates (CSPUs). Beginning May 28, 2026 , Oracle will deliver a Critical Security Patch Update (CSPU) each month.

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • Security Update Guide - Microsoft
    web:msrc.microsoft.com

    The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) investigates all reports of security vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products and services, and provides the information here as part of the ongoing effort to help you manage security risks and help keep your systems protected.

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center
    web:msrc.microsoft.com

    Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • Cisco Advance Notification for Publication of September 16, 2026 ...
    web:sec.cloudapps.cisco.com

    On September 16, 2026 , the Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) published the advisories that are listed in the following tables. To remediate these vulnerabilities, Cisco strongly recommends that customers upgrade to the fixed software that is indicated in the advisories. For more information about changes in Cisco PSIRT vulnerability disclosure, see Strengthening the ...

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • Microsoft Patch Tracker (September 2026): Exploit-Ranked | Senserva
    web:senserva.com

    Every Microsoft security patch (KB) and the CVEs it fixes, with severity, CVSS, and CISA KEV status. Cross-linked to the CVE reference.

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • SAP Security Patch Day - May 2026
    web:support.sap.com

    SAP security Patch Day Bulletin This post shares the information on security notes that remediate vulnerabilities discovered in SAP products. SAP strongly recommends that the customer visits the support portal and applies patches on priority to protect their SAP landscape. On 12 th of May 2026 , SAP security patch day saw the release of 15 new security notes.

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • CVE-2026-18439 - vulnerability database | Vulners.com
    web:vulners.com

    CVE-2026-18439 🗓️ 22 Sep 2026 00:41:12 Reported by Wordfence Type cve 🔗 web.nvd.nist.gov 👁 13 Views

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - April 2026
    web:www.oracle.com

    This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC
  • Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - July 2026
    web:www.oracle.com

    This Critical Patch Update contains 1448 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that a My Oracle Support (MOS) note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at July 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

    2026-09-23 15:46 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

Only Available for Registered Users. Sign in to view.

Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-18439.json.

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Tutor LMS \u2013 eLearning and online course solution",
          "vendor": "themeum",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "4.0.7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "type": "finder",
          "value": "Nakul Chodha"
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "The Tutor LMS \u2013 eLearning and online course solution plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Insecure Direct Object Reference in versions up to, and including, 4.0.7 via the tutor_quiz_builder_save AJAX action due to missing validation that nested question_id, answer_id, deleted_question_ids[], and deleted_answer_ids[] values in the submitted payload belong to a quiz/topic/course the requester is authorized to manage. The handler only validates the top-level course_id, topic_id, and (when supplied) payload['ID'], but the nested identifiers are passed straight into $wpdb->update/DELETE statements in QuizBuilder::save_questions(), QuizBuilder::save_question_answers(), and QuizBuilder::handle_delete(). This makes it possible for authenticated attackers, with Instructor-level access and above, to overwrite the content and re-parent arbitrary quiz questions/answers belonging to other instructors or administrators, and to delete arbitrary quiz question and answer rows."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "baseScore": 4.3,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-639",
              "description": "CWE-639 Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T07:41:12.011Z",
        "orgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
        "shortName": "Wordfence"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://www.wordfence.com/threat-intel/vulnerabilities/id/6d07c82d-262a-4ac1-9ee5-7ef4d025f66f?source=cve"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L291"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L156"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L423"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L430"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/4.0.3/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L781"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L291"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L156"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L423"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L430"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/browser/tutor/tags/3.9.10/classes/QuizBuilder.php#L781"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://plugins.trac.wordpress.org/changeset/3690454/tutor/tags/4.0.8/classes/QuizBuilder.php"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-07-30T20:38:30.000Z",
          "value": "Vendor Notified"
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-21T18:52:22.000Z",
          "value": "Disclosed"
        }
      ],
      "title": "Tutor LMS <= 4.0.7 - Authenticated (Custom+) Insecure Direct Object Reference to Arbitrary Quiz Question/Answer Modification and Deletion via 'payload' Parameter"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "b15e7b5b-3da4-40ae-a43c-f7aa60e62599",
    "assignerShortName": "Wordfence",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-18439",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-22T07:41:12.011Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-07-30T20:23:23.648Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-22T07:41:12.011Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}