CVE-2026-45363
📛 CVE Title
(no title)
Description
ruby-jwt: Empty-key HMAC bypass; cross-language sibling of CVE-2026-44351
Description (MITRE) cveawg.mitre.org
Pulled from cveawg.mitre.org/api/cve/CVE-2026-45363 on 2026-07-27. Shown when MITRE's text differs from the cvelistV5 mirror.
ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.
Overview
- State
- —
- Assigner (CNA)
- —
- CVSS severity
- high
- CVSS score
- 7.4 / 10
- CVSS vector
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N- Effective score
- 7.4 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
- —
- Reserved
- —
- Published
- —
- Last updated
- —
- Source
- https://www.tenable.com/cve/CVE-2026-45363
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2026-45363 — CVE-2026-45363
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-05-25 00:03 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2026-44516 - Assigner
- GitHub_M
- Published
- Jul 14, 2026, 9:32:26 PM
- Updated
- Jul 15, 2026, 1:26:21 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
9.1 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.2400
- Vendors
- jwt
- Products
-
ruby-jwt (< 2.10.3)ruby-jwt (3.0.0, < 3.2.0)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x
ENISA description: ruby-jwt is a Ruby implementation of the RFC 7519 OAuth JSON Web Token standard. Prior to 2.10.3 and 3.2.0, JWT.decode(token, '', true, algorithm: 'HS256') accepts an attacker-forged token because OpenSSL::HMAC.digest('SHA256', '', payload) returns a valid digest under an empty key and no empty-key precondition exists in the HMAC algorithm. The same path is reached when a keyfinder block or key_finder: argument returns an empty string, nil, or an array containing nil for an unknown key, affecting HS256, HS384, and HS512 verification through JWT.decode and JWT::EncodedToken#verify_signature!. This issue is fixed in versions 2.10.3 and 3.2.0.
EUVD references (5)
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0
Vendor references (0)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
None in the CVE record.
MITRE references (5) cveawg.mitre.org
Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/9820020869ad147b941e49d96ab8beba35532964 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/commit/db560b769a07bd9724e77ff505011ac01872106f x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v2.10.3 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/releases/tag/v3.2.0 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/jwt/ruby-jwt/security/advisories/GHSA-c32j-vqhx-rx3x x_refsource_CONFIRM
Web references (2)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-45363 tenable:nvd.nist.gov
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-45363 tenable:www.cve.org
Remediations (10)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:blog.qualys.com
Oracle released its second quarterly edition of this year's Critical Patch Update. The update received patches for 481 security vulnerabilities.
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:community.ui.com
Published: May 21, 2026 Updated: May 22, 2026 Version: 1.1 Revision: 1.1 Summary 1 of 5 A malicious actor with access to the network and high privileges could exploit an Improper Input Validation vulnerability found in UniFi OS devices to execute a Command Injection. Affected Products: UniFi OS Server (Version 5.0.6 and earlier) Mitigation : Update your UniFi OS Server to Version 5.0.8 or later ...
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:support.apple.com
This document describes the security content of iOS 26.3 and iPadOS 26.3.
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:support.sap.com
SAP security Patch Day Bulletin
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:support.servicenow.com
Overview The advisories below document publicly disclosed Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures ( CVEs ) in the Now Platform by ServiceNow. Because ServiceNow uses various methods to communicate vulnerability information, patches, and other fixes, customers should review family, security patch , and hotfix release notes, which are available at https://docs.servicenow.com, for a complete list of ...
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:www.cisecurity.org
<p>Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining the same privileges as the logged-on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or ...
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:www.microsoft.com
Security Update Guide Notifications Microsoft's free Security Update Guide Notifications provide links to security-related software updates and notification of re-released security updates. These notifications are sent via email throughout the month as needed.
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:www.windowslatest.com
Windows 11 April 2026 update adds Narrator Copilot support, faster Settings, File Explorer fixes, and key security improvements.
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-26 02:54 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
Only Available for Registered Users. Sign in to view.