CVE-2026-77521

Description

MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Prior to version 2.10.5-lts, assistants with a tool, MCP tool, skill, or sub-application use SandboxShellBackend, which exposes an execute shell tool without excluding it and omits execute from interrupt_on, so human approval is not required. Untrusted chat or ingested content can therefore cause command execution; source deployments with MAXKB_SANDBOX disabled run commands directly as the application user, while the official root container's string-based gosu wrapper allowed shell metacharacters to execute outside the intended sandbox. This issue is fixed in version 2.10.5-lts.

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): GitHub_M
CVSS severity: CRITICAL
CVSS score: 10.0 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Effective score: 10.0 / 10 CRITICAL source: CNA overview
CWE(s): CWE-78, CWE-250, CWE-749
Reserved: 2026-08-20
Published: 2026-09-21 20:45 UTC
Last updated: 2026-09-21 20:45 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/77xxx/CVE-2026-77521.json
Linked Threat: CVE-2026-77521 — MaxKB: Prompt-injectable agent can lead to command execution

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2026-09-21 21:17:10 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-09-21 21:17:11 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 10.0 / 10 CRITICAL source: security-advisories@github.com
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore: 3.9 / 10
Impact subscore: 6.0 / 10

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2026-84161
Assigner: GitHub_M
Published: Sep 21, 2026, 8:45:14 PM
Updated: Sep 22, 2026, 1:32:19 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1): 10.0 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
EUVD-reported EPSS: 0.0000
Vendors: 1Panel-dev
Products: MaxKB (< 2.10.5-lts)

ENISA description: MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Prior to version 2.10.5-lts, assistants with a tool, MCP tool, skill, or sub-application use SandboxShellBackend, which exposes an execute shell tool without excluding it and omits execute from interrupt_on, so human approval is not required. Untrusted chat or ingested content can therefore cause command execution; source deployments with MAXKB_SANDBOX disabled run commands directly as the application user, while the official root container's string-based gosu wrapper allowed shell metacharacters to execute outside the intended sandbox. This issue is fixed in version 2.10.5-lts.

EUVD references (3)

Affected products (1)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
1Panel-dev	MaxKB	`< 2.10.5-lts` (affected)	—

Vendor references (3)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advisories/GHSA-f36j-f34j-h3rx x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/594f50f2ea80a502d1c955371ba0438b277c30ea x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.10.5-lts x_refsource_MISC

Web references (0)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

No web references attached yet.

NVD-tagged references (3)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/594f50f2ea80a502d1c955371ba0438b277c30ea security-advisories@github.com
https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.10.5-lts security-advisories@github.com
https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advisories/GHSA-f36j-f34j-h3rx security-advisories@github.com

Remediations (10)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

July 2026 Critical Patch Update Released | security - Oracle Blogs

web:blogs.oracle.com

For more information about the Critical Patch Update program, see the security vulnerability remediation practices page located on the Oracle Trust Center.

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
Update: Monthly Critical Security Patch Updates (CSPUs) Begin May 28 ...

web:blogs.oracle.com

As a follow-up to our recent post, Accelerating Vulnerability Detection and Response, Oracle is announcing the start date and cadence for monthly Critical Security Patch Updates (CSPUs). Beginning May 28, 2026 , Oracle will deliver a Critical Security Patch Update (CSPU) each month.

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
CVE-2026-77521 - MaxKB: Prompt-injectable agent can lead to command ...

web:cvefeed.io

The following list is the news that have been mention CVE-2026-77521 vulnerability anywhere in the article. Results are limited to the first 20 news articles due to potential performance issues. The following table lists the changes that have been made to the CVE-2026-77521 vulnerability over time.

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft

web:msrc.microsoft.com

The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) investigates all reports of security vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products and services, and provides the information here as part of the ongoing effort to help you manage security risks and help keep your systems protected.

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tracker (September 2026): Exploit-Ranked | Senserva

web:senserva.com

Every Microsoft security patch (KB) and the CVEs it fixes, with severity, CVSS, and CISA KEV status. Cross-linked to the CVE reference.

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
SAP Security Patch Day - June 2026

web:support.sap.com

SAP security Patch Day Bulletin This post shares the information on security notes that remediate vulnerabilities discovered in SAP products. SAP strongly recommends that the customer visits the support portal and applies patches on priority to protect their SAP landscape. On 9th of June 2026 , SAP security patch day saw the release of 15 new security notes.

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
CVE-2026-77521 - vulnerability database | Vulners.com

web:vulners.com

CVE-2026-77521 🗓️ 21 Sep 2026 13:45:14 Reported by GitHub_M Type cve 🔗 web.nvd.nist.gov 👁 14 Views

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
The 8 Best Automated Vulnerability Remediation Tools in 2026

web:www.openhands.dev

Compare 8 automated vulnerability remediation tools for 2026 on fixes, prioritization, integrations, and deployment control.

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - July 2026

web:www.oracle.com

This Critical Patch Update contains 1448 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that a My Oracle Support (MOS) note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at July 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC
Oracle Critical Security Patch Update Advisory - June 2026

web:www.oracle.com

Additional CVEs addressed are: The patch for CVE - 2026 -34481 also addresses CVE - 2026 -34477, CVE - 2026 -34478, CVE - 2026 -34479, and CVE - 2026 -34480. Oracle Fusion Middleware Risk Matrix This Critical Security Patch Update contains 106 new security patches for Oracle Fusion Middleware. 53 of these vulnerabilities may be remotely exploitable without authentication, i.e., may be exploited over a ...

2026-09-22 16:47 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-77521.json.

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "MaxKB",
          "vendor": "1Panel-dev",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "< 2.10.5-lts"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "MaxKB is an open-source AI assistant for enterprise. Prior to version 2.10.5-lts, assistants with a tool, MCP tool, skill, or sub-application use SandboxShellBackend, which exposes an execute shell tool without excluding it and omits execute from interrupt_on, so human approval is not required. Untrusted chat or ingested content can therefore cause command execution; source deployments with MAXKB_SANDBOX disabled run commands directly as the application user, while the official root container's string-based gosu wrapper allowed shell metacharacters to execute outside the intended sandbox. This issue is fixed in version 2.10.5-lts."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "baseScore": 10,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "scope": "CHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H",
            "version": "3.1"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-78",
              "description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-250",
              "description": "CWE-250: Execution with Unnecessary Privileges",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-749",
              "description": "CWE-749: Exposed Dangerous Method or Function",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T20:45:14.750Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advisories/GHSA-f36j-f34j-h3rx",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/security/advisories/GHSA-f36j-f34j-h3rx"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/594f50f2ea80a502d1c955371ba0438b277c30ea",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/commit/594f50f2ea80a502d1c955371ba0438b277c30ea"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.10.5-lts",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/1Panel-dev/MaxKB/releases/tag/v2.10.5-lts"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-f36j-f34j-h3rx",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "MaxKB: Prompt-injectable agent can lead to command execution"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-77521",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-21T20:45:14.750Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-08-20T20:23:02.507Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-21T20:45:14.750Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}