CVE-2026-96445

Description

A flaw was found in the Conditional OTP authenticator of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. The issue occurs when the system evaluates specific HTTP headers to determine if a one-time password (OTP) should be skipped, but fails to verify if those headers came from a trusted source. This could allow an attacker who already has a user's password to bypass the second-factor authentication by providing a specially crafted header in their request.

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): redhat
CVSS severity: MEDIUM
CVSS score: 6.8 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Effective score: 6.8 / 10 MEDIUM source: CNA overview
CWE(s): CWE-287
Reserved: 2026-09-23
Published: 2026-09-23 11:12 UTC
Last updated: 2026-09-23 19:45 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/96xxx/CVE-2026-96445.json

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2026-09-23 12:17:08 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-09-23 20:17:25 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 6.8 / 10 MEDIUM source: secalert@redhat.com
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Exploitability subscore: 1.6 / 10
Impact subscore: 5.2 / 10

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2026-85223
Assigner: redhat
Published: Sep 23, 2026, 11:12:46 AM
Updated: Sep 23, 2026, 7:45:28 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1): 6.8 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
EUVD-reported EPSS: 0.0000
Aliases: GHSA-jj9w-64w4-2wcx

ENISA description: A flaw was found in the Conditional OTP authenticator of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. The issue occurs when the system evaluates specific HTTP headers to determine if a one-time password (OTP) should be skipped, but fails to verify if those headers came from a trusted source. This could allow an attacker who already has a user's password to bypass the second-factor authentication by providing a specially crafted header in their request.

EUVD references (2)

Affected products (3)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
Red Hat	Red Hat Build of Keycloak	—	—
Red Hat	Red Hat Build of Keycloak	—	—
Red Hat	Red Hat Single Sign-On 7	—	—

Vendor references (2)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-96445 vdb-entryx_refsource_REDHAT
RHBZ#2539280 issue-trackingx_refsource_REDHAT

Web references (0)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

No web references attached yet.

NVD-tagged references (2)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-96445 secalert@redhat.com
https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2539280 secalert@redhat.com

Remediations (10)

July 2026 Critical Patch Update Released | security - Oracle Blogs

web:blogs.oracle.com

For more information about the Critical Patch Update program, see the security vulnerability remediation practices page located on the Oracle Trust Center.

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
Microsoft June 2026 Patch Tuesday - SANS Internet Storm Center

web:isc.sans.edu

Microsoft recommends restricting the "MaxRequestBytes" to prevent exploitation until the patch can be rolled out. CVE - 2026 -45648: A stack-based buffer overflow in Active Directory Domain Services. A successful attack requires authentication, and Microsoft considers exploit development as "unlikely".

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft

web:msrc.microsoft.com

The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) investigates all reports of security vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products and services, and provides the information here as part of the ongoing effort to help you manage security risks and help keep your systems protected.

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
Cisco Advance Notification for Publication of September 16, 2026 ...

web:sec.cloudapps.cisco.com

On September 16, 2026 , the Cisco Product Security Incident Response Team (PSIRT) published the advisories that are listed in the following tables. To remediate these vulnerabilities, Cisco strongly recommends that customers upgrade to the fixed software that is indicated in the advisories. For more information about changes in Cisco PSIRT vulnerability disclosure, see Strengthening the ...

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tracker (September 2026): Exploit-Ranked | Senserva

web:senserva.com

Every Microsoft security patch (KB) and the CVEs it fixes, with severity, CVSS, and CISA KEV status. Cross-linked to the CVE reference.

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
Patch Roll-up for CPR9 SRx - support.rockwellautomation.com

web:support.rockwellautomation.com

The roll-up uses specific check files to confirm which product is installed. The roll-up will only install patch files provided these files already exist on the target computer, unless a new binary file is being introduced as part of a patch . Patch Install Follow the link to download and extract the latest patch roll-up.

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
SAP Security Patch Day - June 2026

web:support.sap.com

SAP security Patch Day Bulletin This post shares the information on security notes that remediate vulnerabilities discovered in SAP products. SAP strongly recommends that the customer visits the support portal and applies patches on priority to protect their SAP landscape. On 9th of June 2026 , SAP security patch day saw the release of 15 new security notes.

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
Security Bulletin: Vulnerabilities have been identified in ... - IBM

web:www.ibm.com

WebSphere Application Server is shipped as a component of WebSphere Service Registry and Repository. Information about multiple vulnerabilities affecting WebSphere Application Server have been published in security bulletins.

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - April 2026

web:www.oracle.com

This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - July 2026

web:www.oracle.com

This Critical Patch Update contains 1448 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that a My Oracle Support (MOS) note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at July 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

2026-09-24 11:45 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

Only Available for Registered Users. Sign in to view.

Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-96445.json.

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2026-96445",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "none"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2026-09-23T18:18:59.386636Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2026-09-23T19:45:28.387Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "keycloak-services",
          "product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:build_keycloak:"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "packageName": "rhbk/keycloak-rhel9",
          "product": "Red Hat Build of Keycloak",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        },
        {
          "collectionURL": "https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/",
          "cpes": [
            "cpe:/a:redhat:red_hat_single_sign_on:7"
          ],
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "packageName": "keycloak-services",
          "product": "Red Hat Single Sign-On 7",
          "vendor": "Red Hat"
        }
      ],
      "credits": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Red Hat would like to thank Paul Bottinelli (Trail of Bits in collaboration with OpenAI) for reporting this issue."
        }
      ],
      "datePublic": "2026-09-22T15:35:51.000Z",
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "A flaw was found in the Conditional OTP authenticator of Keycloak, an identity and access management solution. The issue occurs when the system evaluates specific HTTP headers to determine if a one-time password (OTP) should be skipped, but fails to verify if those headers came from a trusted source. This could allow an attacker who already has a user's password to bypass the second-factor authentication by providing a specially crafted header in their request."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "other": {
            "content": {
              "namespace": "https://access.redhat.com/security/updates/classification/",
              "value": "Moderate"
            },
            "type": "Red Hat severity rating"
          }
        },
        {
          "cvssV3_1": {
            "attackComplexity": "HIGH",
            "attackVector": "NETWORK",
            "availabilityImpact": "NONE",
            "baseScore": 6.8,
            "baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
            "confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "integrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "privilegesRequired": "LOW",
            "scope": "UNCHANGED",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N",
            "version": "3.1"
          },
          "format": "CVSS"
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-287",
              "description": "Improper Authentication",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-09-23T11:12:46.785Z",
        "orgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
        "shortName": "redhat"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "tags": [
            "vdb-entry",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-96445"
        },
        {
          "name": "RHBZ#2539280",
          "tags": [
            "issue-tracking",
            "x_refsource_REDHAT"
          ],
          "url": "https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2539280"
        }
      ],
      "timeline": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-22T15:35:51.000Z",
          "value": "Reported to Red Hat."
        },
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "time": "2026-09-22T15:35:51.000Z",
          "value": "Made public."
        }
      ],
      "title": "Keycloak-services: keycloak-services: conditional otp skip-header policy evaluated against untrusted proxy headers",
      "workarounds": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Mitigation for this issue is either not available or the currently available options do not meet the Red Hat Product Security criteria comprising ease of use and deployment, applicability to widespread installation base, or stability."
        }
      ],
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "cvelib 1.8.0"
      },
      "x_redhatCweChain": "CWE-287: Improper Authentication"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "53f830b8-0a3f-465b-8143-3b8a9948e749",
    "assignerShortName": "redhat",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-96445",
    "datePublished": "2026-09-23T11:12:46.785Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-09-23T09:30:31.113Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-09-23T19:45:28.387Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}