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CVE-2023-48795

📛 CVE Title

CVE-2023-48795

⬇ Download JSON

Description

The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled, aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implemented by these extensions, mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example, there is an effective attack against SSH's use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com and (if CBC is used) the -etm@openssh.com MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear through 2022.83, Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP, PuTTY before 0.80, AsyncSSH before 2.14.2, golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0, libssh before 0.10.6, libssh2 through 1.11.0, Thorn Tech SFTP Gateway before 3.4.6, Tera Term before 5.1, Paramiko before 3.4.0, jsch before 0.2.15, SFTPGo before 2.5.6, Netgate pfSense Plus through 23.09.1, Netgate pfSense CE through 2.7.2, HPN-SSH through 18.2.0, ProFTPD before 1.3.8b (and before 1.3.9rc2), ORYX CycloneSSH before 2.3.4, NetSarang XShell 7 before Build 0144, CrushFTP before 10.6.0, ConnectBot SSH library before 2.2.22, Apache MINA sshd through 2.11.0, sshj through 0.37.0, TinySSH through 20230101, trilead-ssh2 6401, LANCOM LCOS and LANconfig, FileZilla before 3.66.4, Nova before 11.8, PKIX-SSH before 14.4, SecureCRT before 9.4.3, Transmit5 before 5.10.4, Win32-OpenSSH before 9.5.0.0p1-Beta, WinSCP before 6.2.2, Bitvise SSH Server before 9.32, Bitvise SSH Client before 9.33, KiTTY through 0.76.1.13, the net-ssh gem 7.2.0 for Ruby, the mscdex ssh2 module before 1.15.0 for Node.js, the thrussh library before 0.35.1 for Rust, and the Russh crate before 0.40.2 for Rust.

Overview

State
PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA)
mitre
CVSS severity
MEDIUM
CVSS score
CVSS 5.9 / 10 5.9 5.9 / 10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Effective score
5.9 / 10 MEDIUM source: CNA overview
MSRC score
5.9 / 10 MEDIUM
CWE(s)
CWE-354
Reserved
2023-11-20
Published
2023-12-18 01:00 UTC
Last updated
2026-05-12 13:02 UTC
Source
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2023/48xxx/CVE-2023-48795.json

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published
2023-12-18 16:15:10 UTC
NVD last modified
2026-06-17 06:34:59 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1
CVSS 5.9 / 10 5.9 5.9 / 10 MEDIUM source: nvd@nist.gov
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Exploitability subscore
2.2 / 10
Impact subscore
3.6 / 10
EPSS score
0.9331 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile
99.83% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-27

NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-27 17:31 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID
EUVD-2023-3093
Assigner
mitre
Published
Dec 18, 2023, 12:00:00 AM
Updated
May 12, 2026, 11:02:25 AM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
5.9 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
EUVD-reported EPSS
54.2100
Vendors
n/a
Products
n/a (n/a)
Aliases
GHSA-45x7-px36-x8w8

ENISA description: The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from the extension negotiation message), and a client and server may consequently end up with a connection for which some security features have been downgraded or disabled, aka a Terrapin attack. This occurs because the SSH Binary Packet Protocol (BPP), implemented by these extensions, mishandles the handshake phase and mishandles use of sequence numbers. For example, there is an effective attack against SSH's use of ChaCha20-Poly1305 (and CBC with Encrypt-then-MAC). The bypass occurs in chacha20-poly1305@openssh.com and (if CBC is used) the -etm@openssh.com MAC algorithms. This also affects Maverick Synergy Java SSH API before 3.1.0-SNAPSHOT, Dropbear through 2022.83, Ssh before 5.1.1 in Erlang/OTP, PuTTY before 0.80, AsyncSSH before 2.14.2, golang.org/x/crypto before 0.17.0, libssh before 0.10.6, libssh2 through 1.11.0, Thorn Tech SFTP Gateway before 3.4.6, Tera Term before 5.1, Paramiko before 3.4.0, jsch before 0.2.15, SFTPGo before 2.5.6, Netgate pfSense Plus through 23.09.1, Netgate pfSense CE through 2.7.2, HPN-SSH through 18.2.0, ProFTPD before 1.3.8b (and before 1.3.9rc2), ORYX CycloneSSH before 2.3.4, NetSarang XShell 7 before Build 0144, CrushFTP before 10.6.0, ConnectBot SSH library before 2.2.22, Apache MINA sshd through 2.11.0, sshj through 0.37.0, TinySSH through 20230101, trilead-ssh2 6401, LANCOM LCOS and LANconfig, FileZilla before 3.66.4, Nova before 11.8, PKIX-SSH before 14.4, SecureCRT before 9.4.3, Transmit5 before 5.10.4, Win32-OpenSSH before 9.5.0.0p1-Beta, WinSCP before 6.2.2, Bitvise SSH Server before 9.32, Bitvise SSH Client before 9.33, KiTTY through 0.76.1.13, the net-ssh gem 7.2.0 for Ruby, the mscdex ssh2 module before 1.15.0 for Node.js, the thrussh library before 0.35.1 for Rust, and the Russh crate before 0.40.2 for Rust.

EUVD references (118)

Microsoft Security Response Center MSRC

Microsoft's vendor-authoritative record from the Security Update Guide — its own CVSS score, impact, severity rating, exploit assessment, and KB-article fixes. Refreshed 2026-08-12 01:06 UTC (source: CVRF).

MS CVSS base score
5.9 / 10 (temporal 5.9)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Release
2024-Nov
Microsoft remediations / KB articles (7)
  • cert-manager — Vendor Fix / CBL-Mariner (fixed build 1.11.2-7)
  • https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2023-48795 — None Available / cert-manager
  • erlang — Vendor Fix / CBL-Mariner (fixed build 25.2-2)
  • kubernetes — Vendor Fix / CBL-Mariner (fixed build 1.28.4-4)
  • libssh — Vendor Fix / CBL-Mariner (fixed build 0.10.6-1)
  • docker-buildx — Vendor Fix / CBL-Mariner (fixed build 0.14.0-1)
  • kubevirt — Vendor Fix / CBL-Mariner (fixed build 1.2.0-9)

Affected products (1)
VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
n/a n/a n/a (affected) —

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (76) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

  • cpe:2.3:a:openbsd:openssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:putty:putty:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:filezilla-project:filezilla_client:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:panic:transmit_5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:panic:nova:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:roumenpetrov:pkixssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:winscp:winscp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:bitvise:ssh_client:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:bitvise:ssh_server:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:lancom-systems:lcos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:lancom-systems:lcos_fx:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:lancom-systems:lcos_lx:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:lancom-systems:lcos_sx:4.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:lancom-systems:lcos_sx:5.20:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:lancom-systems:lanconfig:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:vandyke:securecrt:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:libssh:libssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:net-ssh:net-ssh:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:ruby:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ssh2_project:ssh2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:proftpd:proftpd:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:freebsd:freebsd:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:crates:thrussh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:tera_term_project:tera_term:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:oryx-embedded:cyclone_ssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:crushftp:crushftp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:netsarang:xshell_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:paramiko:paramiko:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_container_platform:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openstack_platform:16.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openstack_platform:16.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openstack_platform:17.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:ceph_storage:6.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:8.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:redhat:enterprise_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_serverless:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_gitops:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_pipelines:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_developer_tools_and_services:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_data_foundation:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_api_for_data_protection:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_virtualization:4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:storage:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:discovery:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:openshift_dev_spaces:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:cert-manager_operator_for_red_hat_openshift:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:keycloak:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:jboss_enterprise_application_platform:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:single_sign-on:7.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:redhat:advanced_cluster_security:4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:golang:crypto:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:russh_project:russh:*:*:*:*:*:rust:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:sftpgo_project:sftpgo:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:matez:jsch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:libssh2:libssh2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:asyncssh_project:asyncssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:dropbear_ssh_project:dropbear_ssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:jadaptive:maverick_synergy_java_ssh_api:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:ssh:ssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:thorntech:sftp_gateway_firmware:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:netgate:pfsense_plus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:netgate:pfsense_ce:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:connectbot:sshlib:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:sshd:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:apache:sshj:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:tinyssh:tinyssh:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:trilead:ssh2:6401:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:9bis:kitty:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:a:gentoo:security:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:38:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:39:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:apple:macos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Vendor references (118)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

MITRE references (117) cveawg.mitre.org

Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.

Web references (38)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

NVD-tagged references (257)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

Remediations (10)

  • Mitigate SSH Vulnerability CVE-2023-48795 with Qualys CSAM | Qualys
    web:blog.qualys.com

    Qualys helps identify and patch CVE-2023-48795 in SSH, reducing attack surface and enhancing security with CyberSecurity Asset Management (CSAM).

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • SSH Terrapin Prefix Truncation Weakness (CVE-2023-48795)
    web:community.cisco.com

    SSH Terrapin Prefix Truncation Weakness ( CVE-2023-48795 ) in cisco Catalyst 9300 We have run vulnerability cisco Catalyst 9300 and we find the above vulnerability. All software is up to date. #show ip ssh SSH Enabled - version 2.0 Authentication methods:publickey,keyboard-interactive,password Auth...

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • terapin vulnerability identification and remediation
    web:learn.microsoft.com

    Currently, there is no patch available from Microsoft to address the Terrapin vulnerability so option 1 is not a solution. When certain customer services rely on the use of SSH Option 2 and 3 are both not an option or workable solution. Option 4 is not a solution Option 5 - while best practice is still not resolving the matter.

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • Nvd - Cve-2023-48795
    web:nvd.nist.gov

    Information Technology Laboratory National Vulnerability Database Vulnerabilities

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • CVE-2023-48795 Terrapin Prefix Truncation Weakness
    web:perifery.atlassian.net

    This configuration change will help mitigate the Terrapin vulnerability by removing the affected ciphers while maintaining compatibility with supported systems. To verify the mitigation is applied download and run the following tool

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • CVE-2023-48795 Impact of Terrapin SSH Attack
    web:security.paloaltonetworks.com

    Palo Alto Networks Security Advisory: CVE-2023-48795 Impact of Terrapin SSH Attack The Terrapin attack allows an attacker with the ability to intercept SSH traffic on affected Palo Alto Networks products (through machine-in-the-middle or MitM attacks) to downgrade connection security and force the usage of less secure client authentication algorithms when an administrator or user connects to ...

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • Vulnerability remediation for CVE-2023-48795: General Protocol Flaw ...
    web:support.huawei.com

    In conclusion that the current storage version 6.1.5 is affected, and the solution is to upgrade to new patch version (6.1.8) that will resolve this vulnerability issue which The OpenSSH component version upgraded. For the mitigation operation on this CVE We suggest you to log in to each controller and execute the following command. By executing the command below, the SSH login algorithm will ...

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • 10 Steps to Root Out the Terrapin Vulnerability - Dark Reading
    web:www.darkreading.com

    10 Steps to Detect, Prevent, and Remediate the Terrapin Vulnerability You don't have to stop using SSH keys to stay safe. This Tech Tip explains how to protect your system against CVE-2023-48795 .

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • CVE-2023-48795 Vulnerability: Analysis, Impact, Mitigation | Huntress
    web:www.huntress.com

    The primary mitigation for CVE-2023-48795 is to patch your systems. Update all SSH clients and servers to the latest versions that include fixes for this vulnerability.

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC
  • CVE-2023-48795 Impact, Exploitability, and Mitigation Steps | Wiz
    web:www.wiz.io

    Understand the critical aspects of CVE-2023-48795 with a detailed vulnerability assessment, exploitation potential, affected technologies, and remediation guidance.

    2026-05-23 02:07 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2023-48795.json.

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    "datePublished": "2023-12-18T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-11-20T00:00:00.000Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-05-12T11:02:25.905Z",
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