CVE-2025-4227
📛 CVE Title
GlobalProtect App: Interception in Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement
Description
An improper access control vulnerability in the Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/globalprotect/6-0/globalprotect-app-new-features/new-features-released-in-gp-app/endpoint-traffic-policy-enforcement feature of the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app allows certain packets to remain unencrypted instead of being properly secured within the tunnel. An attacker with physical access to the network can inject rogue devices to intercept these packets. Under normal operating conditions, the GlobalProtect app automatically recovers from this interception within one minute.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- palo_alto
- CVSS severity
- LOW
- CVSS score
- 1.0 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Green- Effective score
- 1.0 / 10 LOW source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-319 - Reserved
- 2025-05-02
- Published
- 2025-06-13 05:50 UTC
- Last updated
- 2025-06-23 16:06 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/4xxx/CVE-2025-4227.json
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2025-06-13 06:15:22 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2025-06-27 16:49:37 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 3.5 / 10 LOW source: nvd@nist.gov
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N- Exploitability subscore
- 0.9 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 2.5 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0006 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 18.28% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-05-24
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-05-25 05:15 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2025-18244 - Assigner
- palo_alto
- Published
- Jun 13, 2025, 5:50:52 AM
- Updated
- Jun 23, 2025, 4:06:55 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 4.0)
-
1.0 / 10
CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Green - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.0600
- Vendors
- Palo Alto Networks
- Products
-
GlobalProtect App (6.3.0 <6.3.2-566)GlobalProtect App (6.2.0 <6.2.8-h2)GlobalProtect App (6.1.0)GlobalProtect AppGlobalProtect App (6.0.0)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-h9qj-xx2j-6h84
ENISA description: An improper access control vulnerability in the Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/globalprotect/6-0/globalprotect-app-new-features/new-features-released-in-gp-app/endpoint-traffic-policy-enforcement feature of the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app allows certain packets to remain unencrypted instead of being properly secured within the tunnel. An attacker with physical access to the network can inject rogue devices to intercept these packets. Under normal operating conditions, the GlobalProtect app automatically recovers from this interception within one minute.
EUVD references (1)
Affected products (2)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | GlobalProtect App |
6.3.0 (affected),
6.2.0 (affected),
6.1.0 (affected),
6.0.0 (affected)
|
Windows, macOS |
| Palo Alto Networks | GlobalProtect App |
All (unaffected)
|
Linux, Android, iOS, Chrome OS, UWP |
Affected products — CPE 2.3 (2) NVD
NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.
cpe:2.3:a:paloaltonetworks:globalprotect:*:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*cpe:2.3:a:paloaltonetworks:globalprotect:*:*:*:*:*:windows:*:*
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
- https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-4227 vendor-advisory
MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org
Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.
- https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-4227 vendor-advisory
Web references (6)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- https://attackerkb.com/topics/CVE-2025-4227 rapid7:attackerkb.com
- https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/globalprotect/6-0/globalprotect-app-new-features/new-features-released-in-gp-app/endpoint-traffic-policy-enforcement rapid7:docs.paloaltonetworks.com
- http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/319.html rapid7:cwe.mitre.org
- https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/json/CVE-2025-4227 rapid7:security.paloaltonetworks.com
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-4227 rapid7:www.cve.org
- https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2025-18244 rapid7:euvd.enisa.europa.eu
NVD-tagged references (1)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-4227 psirt@paloaltonetworks.com Vendor Advisory
Remediations (10)
-
web:cvefinder.io
📊 Relative Risk Intelligence This CVE is Lower Risk - more severe than 3.9% of all 321,566 vulnerabilities in our database.
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft released its March 2026 Patch Tuesday security update on March 10, 2026, addressing 78 vulnerabilities across Windows, Microsoft Office, Azure, SQL Server, and .NET. The update includes one actively exploited zero-day vulnerability and multiple Critical-rated flaws demanding immediate attention from security teams. The most urgent fix this month is CVE -2026-21262, the sole zero-day ...
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:feedly.com
Jun 11, 2025 at 11:02 AM Trending This CVE started to trend in security discussions Jun 12, 2025 at 5:41 PM CVE Assignment NVD published the first details for CVE-2025-4227 Jun 12, 2025 at 11:15 PM CVSS A CVSS base score of 1 has been assigned.
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:security.paloaltonetworks.com
Description An improper access control vulnerability in the Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement feature of the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app allows certain packets to remain unencrypted instead of being properly secured within the tunnel.
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:support.microsoft.com
It includes updates from previous security and non-security releases, along with an additional fix . To learn more about differences between security updates, optional non-security preview updates, out-of-band (OOB) updates, and continuous innovation, see Windows monthly updates explained.
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:www.computerworld.com
Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:www.linkedin.com
Microsoft has released its February 2026 Patch Tuesday security updates, fixing a total of 59 vulnerabilities across Windows, Microsoft Office, and core system components. The update includes ...
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:www.ninjaone.com
The patch is distributed through Windows Update, Windows Update for Business, Microsoft Update Catalog, and Windows Server Update Services (WSUS), with automatic installation configured for most deployment channels. General Sentiment Community sentiment regarding KB5082417 is decidedly mixed and concerning.
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:www.windowslatest.com
Windows 11 April 2026 update adds Narrator Copilot support, faster Settings, File Explorer fixes, and key security improvements.
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-4227.json.
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"platforms": [
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"Android",
"iOS",
"Chrome OS",
"UWP"
],
"product": "GlobalProtect App",
"vendor": "Palo Alto Networks",
"versions": [
{
"changes": [
{
"at": "11.2.7",
"status": "unaffected"
}
],
"lessThan": "11.2.7",
"status": "unaffected",
"version": "All",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"configurations": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
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"value": "This issue affects Windows and macOS endpoints with \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" enabled. To verify if you have Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement enabled:<br><br><ul><li>Network <b>></b> GlobalProtect <b>></b> Portals <b>></b> (Open Portal configuration) <b>></b> Agent tab <b>></b> (Open Agent configuration) <b>></b> App tab <b>></b> App Configurations <b>></b> Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement <b>></b> (Option not set to: \u201cNo\u201d)</li></ul>"
}
],
"value": "This issue affects Windows and macOS endpoints with \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" enabled. To verify if you have Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement enabled:\n\n * Network > GlobalProtect > Portals > (Open Portal configuration) > Agent tab > (Open Agent configuration) > App tab > App Configurations > Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement > (Option not set to: \u201cNo\u201d)"
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"value": "Tan Cheng Ghee of OCBC Bank"
}
],
"datePublic": "2025-06-11T16:00:00.000Z",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
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"value": "An improper access control vulnerability in the <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/globalprotect/6-0/globalprotect-app-new-features/new-features-released-in-gp-app/endpoint-traffic-policy-enforcement\">Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement</a> feature of the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect\u2122 app allows certain packets to remain unencrypted instead of being properly secured within the tunnel.<br><br>An attacker with physical access to the network can inject rogue devices to intercept these packets. Under normal operating conditions, the GlobalProtect app automatically recovers from this interception within one minute. "
}
],
"value": "An improper access control vulnerability in the Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/globalprotect/6-0/globalprotect-app-new-features/new-features-released-in-gp-app/endpoint-traffic-policy-enforcement feature of the Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect\u2122 app allows certain packets to remain unencrypted instead of being properly secured within the tunnel.\n\nAn attacker with physical access to the network can inject rogue devices to intercept these packets. Under normal operating conditions, the GlobalProtect app automatically recovers from this interception within one minute."
}
],
"exploits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
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"type": "text/html",
"value": "Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue."
}
],
"value": "Palo Alto Networks is not aware of any malicious exploitation of this issue."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-117",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-117: Interception"
}
]
}
],
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"cvssV4_0": {
"Automatable": "NO",
"Recovery": "USER",
"Safety": "NOT_DEFINED",
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackRequirements": "PRESENT",
"attackVector": "PHYSICAL",
"baseScore": 1,
"baseSeverity": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"providerUrgency": "GREEN",
"subAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"subConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"subIntegrityImpact": "NONE",
"userInteraction": "ACTIVE",
"valueDensity": "DIFFUSE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:L/U:Green",
"version": "4.0",
"vulnAvailabilityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnConfidentialityImpact": "NONE",
"vulnIntegrityImpact": "LOW",
"vulnerabilityResponseEffort": "LOW"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
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"value": "GENERAL"
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}
],
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"descriptions": [
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"cweId": "CWE-319",
"description": "CWE-319 Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
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]
}
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"dateUpdated": "2025-06-13T05:50:52.280Z",
"orgId": "d6c1279f-00f6-4ef7-9217-f89ffe703ec0",
"shortName": "palo_alto"
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"references": [
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"tags": [
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"url": "https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-4227"
}
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"solutions": [
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"value": "1. Upgrade the GlobalProtect App to one of the unaffected versions:<br><br><table><thead><tr><th>Version<br></th><th>Minor Version<br></th><th>Suggested Solution<br></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr>\n <td>GlobalProtect App 6.3 on Windows, macOS<br></td>\n <td>6.3.3<br>6.3.0 through 6.3.2</td>\n <td>No solution available. A 6.3.3 hotfix is planned. (ETA: 12 June 2025).<br>Upgrade to 6.3.2-566 or later.</td>\n </tr><tr><td>GlobalProtect App 6.2 on Windows, macOS</td><td>6.2.0 through 6.2.8-223</td><td>Upgrade to 6.3.2-566 or later. A new hotfix for 6.2.8 is planned. (ETA: June 2025).<br></td></tr><tr><td>GlobalProtect App 6.1 on Windows, macOS</td><td>All</td><td>Upgrade to 6.3.2-566 or later.<br></td></tr><tr><td>GlobalProtect App 6.0 on Windows, macOS</td><td>All</td><td>Upgrade to 6.3.2-566 or later.<br></td></tr><tr><td>GlobalProtect App on Linux, Android, iOS, Chrome OS, UWP</td><td>All</td><td>Not applicable.</td></tr></tbody></table><br>2. Ensure that \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" is set to \u201cAll Traffic\u201d under the GlobalProtect App Configurations.<br><ul><li>Network <b>></b> GlobalProtect <b>></b> Portals <b>></b> (Open Portal configuration) <b>></b> Agent tab <b>></b> (Open Agent configuration) <b>></b> App tab <b>></b> App Configurations <b>></b> Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement (Select: All Traffic)<br><br></li></ul>3. GlobalProtect Portal: Enable \"Allow Gateway Access from GlobalProtect Only\" (Requires Content version 8977 or newer). This must be enabled in conjunction with \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" under the GlobalProtect App Configurations.<br><ul><li>Network <b>></b> GlobalProtect <b>></b> Portals <b>></b> (Open Portal configuration) <b>></b> Agent tab <b>></b> (Open Agent configuration) <b>></b> App tab <b>></b> App Configurations <b>></b> Allow Gateway Access from GlobalProtect Only (Select: Yes)<br></li></ul>4. Commit your configuration."
}
],
"value": "1. Upgrade the GlobalProtect App to one of the unaffected versions:\n\nVersion\nMinor Version\nSuggested Solution\n\n GlobalProtect App 6.3 on Windows, macOS\n\n 6.3.3\n6.3.0 through 6.3.2\n No solution available. A 6.3.3 hotfix is planned. (ETA: 12 June 2025).\nUpgrade to 6.3.2-566 or later.\n GlobalProtect App 6.2 on Windows, macOS6.2.0\u00a0through 6.2.8-223Upgrade to 6.3.2-566 or later. A new hotfix for 6.2.8 is planned. (ETA: June 2025).\nGlobalProtect App 6.1 on Windows, macOSAllUpgrade to 6.3.2-566 or later.\nGlobalProtect App 6.0 on Windows, macOSAllUpgrade to 6.3.2-566 or later.\nGlobalProtect App on Linux, Android, iOS, Chrome OS, UWPAllNot applicable.\n2. Ensure that \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" is set to \u201cAll Traffic\u201d under the GlobalProtect App Configurations.\n * Network > GlobalProtect > Portals > (Open Portal configuration) > Agent tab > (Open Agent configuration) > App tab > App Configurations > Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement (Select: All Traffic)\n\n\n\n\n3. GlobalProtect Portal: Enable \"Allow Gateway Access from GlobalProtect Only\" (Requires Content version 8977 or newer). This must be enabled in conjunction with \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" under the GlobalProtect App Configurations.\n * Network > GlobalProtect > Portals > (Open Portal configuration) > Agent tab > (Open Agent configuration) > App tab > App Configurations > Allow Gateway Access from GlobalProtect Only (Select: Yes)\n\n\n\n4. Commit your configuration."
}
],
"source": {
"defect": [
"GPC-22460"
],
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"timeline": [
{
"lang": "en",
"time": "2025-06-11T16:00:00.000Z",
"value": "Initial Publication"
}
],
"title": "GlobalProtect App: Interception in Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement",
"workarounds": [
{
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"value": "<h3>Available Mitigation when solution interferes with Autonomous Digital Experience Management (ADEM)</h3><ul><li><a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/autonomous-dem/administration/autonomous-dem\">ADEM</a> functionality depends on ICMP probes that must be sent outside of the secure tunnel. When \"Allow Gateway Access from GlobalProtect Only\" is set to \"Yes\" and \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" is configured as \"All Traffic,\" these <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/autonomous-dem/administration/autonomous-dem\">ADEM</a> probes will fail because they are forcefully transmitted through the encrypted tunnel rather than via their required direct path.</li><li>This issue can be addressed by changing \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" to \"All TCP/UDP Traffic.\" This adjustment prevents interception of TCP and UDP traffic while allowing <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/autonomous-dem/administration/autonomous-dem\">ADEM</a> probes to function properly. However, this configuration still permits ICMP, and other non-TCP/UDP traffic to be intercepted. <br></li></ul>"
}
],
"value": "Available Mitigation when solution interferes with\u00a0Autonomous Digital Experience Management (ADEM) * ADEM https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/autonomous-dem/administration/autonomous-dem functionality depends on ICMP probes that must be sent outside of the secure tunnel. When \"Allow Gateway Access from GlobalProtect Only\" is set to \"Yes\" and \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" is configured as \"All Traffic,\" these ADEM https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/autonomous-dem/administration/autonomous-dem probes will fail because they are forcefully transmitted through the encrypted tunnel rather than via their required direct path.\n * This issue can be addressed by changing \"Endpoint Traffic Policy Enforcement\" to \"All TCP/UDP Traffic.\" This adjustment prevents interception of TCP and UDP traffic while allowing ADEM https://docs.paloaltonetworks.com/autonomous-dem/administration/autonomous-dem probes to function properly. However, this configuration still permits ICMP, and other non-TCP/UDP traffic to be intercepted."
}
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"cveId": "CVE-2025-4227",
"datePublished": "2025-06-13T05:50:52.280Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-05-02T19:10:39.630Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-06-23T16:06:55.397Z",
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