CVE-2025-4228
📛 CVE Title
Cortex XDR Broker VM: Privilege Escalation (PE) Vulnerability
Description
An incorrect privilege assignment vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Cortex® XDR Broker VM allows an authenticated administrative user to execute certain files available within the Broker VM and escalate their privileges to root.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- palo_alto
- CVSS severity
- MEDIUM
- CVSS score
- 4.6 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber- Effective score
- 4.6 / 10 MEDIUM source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-266 - Reserved
- 2025-05-02
- Published
- 2025-06-12 23:41 UTC
- Last updated
- 2026-02-26 17:50 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/4xxx/CVE-2025-4228.json
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2025-06-13 00:15:23 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-04-15 00:35:42 UTC
- EPSS score
- 0.0009 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 24.75% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-05-24
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-05-25 05:14 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2025-18225 - Assigner
- palo_alto
- Published
- Jun 12, 2025, 11:41:37 PM
- Updated
- Feb 26, 2026, 5:50:38 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 4.0)
-
4.6 / 10
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.0900
- Vendors
- Palo Alto Networks
- Products
-
Cortex XDR Broker VM (27.0.0 <27.0.26)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-3gcp-58m3-9fp5
ENISA description: An incorrect privilege assignment vulnerability in Palo Alto Networks Cortex® XDR Broker VM allows an authenticated administrative user to execute certain files available within the Broker VM and escalate their privileges to root.
EUVD references (1)
Affected products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Palo Alto Networks | Cortex XDR Broker VM |
27.0.0 (affected)
|
— |
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
- https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-4228 vendor-advisory
MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org
Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.
- https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-4228 vendor-advisory
Web references (0)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
No web references attached yet.
NVD-tagged references (1)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://security.paloaltonetworks.com/CVE-2025-4228 psirt@paloaltonetworks.com
Remediations (10)
-
web:blog.qualys.com
Microsoft's February 2026 Patch Tuesday focuses on closing security gaps that attackers could exploit, reinforcing the importance of timely patching in enterprise environments. Here's a quick…
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft released its March 2026 Patch Tuesday security update on March 10, 2026, addressing 78 vulnerabilities across Windows, Microsoft Office, Azure, SQL Server, and .NET. The update includes one actively exploited zero-day vulnerability and multiple Critical-rated flaws demanding immediate attention from security teams. The most urgent fix this month is CVE -2026-21262, the sole zero-day ...
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:krebsonsecurity.com
Microsoft Corp. today issued security updates to fix more than 80 vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and software. There are no known "zero-day" or actively exploited vulnerabilities ...
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:nvd.nist.gov
An official website of the United States government NVD MENU
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:support.microsoft.com
This out-of-band update for Windows 11, version 25H2 and 24H2 (KB5085518) includes fixes and improvements. To learn more about differences between security updates, optional non-security preview updates, out-of-band (OOB) updates, and continuous innovation, see Windows monthly updates explained. For information on Windows update terminology, see the different types of Windows software updates ...
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:www.computerworld.com
Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft's March 2026 Patch Tuesday addresses 82 CVEs , featuring eight Critical vulnerabilities.
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:www.dbtsupport.com
Executive Summary The May 2026 Microsoft Patch Tuesday release includes security updates across supported Microsoft products and should be reviewed directly in the Microsoft Security Update Guide for the final CVE list, affected products, severity ratings, exploitability assessments, and any revised guidance. For enterprise IT teams, this month is especially important because the June 2026 ...
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:www.techrepublic.com
Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday fixes 165 vulnerabilities, including two zero-days, in one of the company's largest monthly security updates.
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-23 21:28 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
Only Available for Registered Users. Sign in to view.
Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-4228.json.
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