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CVE-2025-4232

📛 CVE Title

GlobalProtect: Authenticated Code Injection Through Wildcard on macOS

Description

An improper neutralization of wildcards vulnerability in the log collection feature of Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app on macOS allows a non administrative user to escalate their privileges to root.

Overview

State
PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA)
palo_alto
CVSS severity
HIGH
CVSS score
CVSS 8.5 / 10 8.5 8.5 / 10
CVSS vector
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber
Effective score
8.5 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
CWE(s)
CWE-155
Reserved
2025-05-02
Published
2025-06-12 23:22 UTC
Last updated
2026-02-26 17:50 UTC
Source
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/4xxx/CVE-2025-4232.json
Linked Threat
CVE-2025-4232 — GlobalProtect: Authenticated Code Injection Through Wildcard on macOS

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published
2025-06-13 00:15:23 UTC
NVD last modified
2025-06-27 16:47:32 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1
CVSS 8.8 / 10 8.8 8.8 / 10 HIGH source: nvd@nist.gov
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore
2.8 / 10
Impact subscore
5.9 / 10
EPSS score
0.0024 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile
46.84% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-05-24

NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-05-25 05:14 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID
EUVD-2025-18224
Assigner
palo_alto
Published
Jun 12, 2025, 11:22:34 PM
Updated
Feb 26, 2026, 5:50:39 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 4.0)
8.5 / 10
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/AU:N/R:U/V:D/RE:M/U:Amber
EUVD-reported EPSS
0.2400
Vendors
Palo Alto Networks
Products
GlobalProtect App (6.2.0 <6.2.8-h2)
GlobalProtect App (6.0.0)
GlobalProtect App (6.1.0)
GlobalProtect App
GlobalProtect App (6.3 <6.3.3)
Aliases
GHSA-2qvw-8f7v-j53g

ENISA description: An improper neutralization of wildcards vulnerability in the log collection feature of Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect™ app on macOS allows a non administrative user to escalate their privileges to root.

EUVD references (1)

Affected products (2)

VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect App 6.3 (affected), 6.2.0 (affected), 6.1.0 (affected), 6.0.0 (affected) macOS
Palo Alto Networks GlobalProtect App All (unaffected) Windows, Linux, Android, iOS, Chrome OS

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (1) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

  • cpe:2.3:a:paloaltonetworks:globalprotect:*:*:*:*:*:macos:*:*

Vendor references (1)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org

Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.

Web references (5)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

NVD-tagged references (1)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

Indicators (1)

IOCs linked to the auto-promoted Threat row.

TypeValueVirusTotalAttached
cve CVE-2025-4232 no local data 2026-05-14 09:33 UTC

Flagged vendors

    Remediations (8)

    Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

    • web:msrc.microsoft.com

      The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) investigates all reports of security vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products and services, and provides the information here as part of the ongoing effort to help you manage security risks and help keep your systems protected.

      2026-05-17 06:25 UTC
    • web:msrc.microsoft.com

      Access Microsoft Security Response Center's guide to address vulnerabilities, manage security risks, and keep your systems protected with the latest updates.

      2026-05-17 06:25 UTC
    • web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com

      The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.

      2026-05-17 06:25 UTC
    • web:support.microsoft.com

      Summary Improvements and fixes included in this update How to obtain and install the update How to obtain or download the latest cumulative update package for Linux More information File information Information about protection and security Summary This security update contains fixes and resolves vulnerabilities. To learn more about the vulnerabilities, see the following security advisories ...

      2026-05-17 06:25 UTC
    • web:support.microsoft.com

      The following summary outlines key issues addressed by this update. The bold text within the brackets indicates the item or area of the change. [Networking] Fixed: This update addresses a security issue in the Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) management tool. If you connect to a malicious remote server, an attacker could disrupt the tool or run code on your device. For more ...

      2026-05-17 06:25 UTC
    • web:www.cisa.gov

      Updated October 29, 2025 : CISA has updated this Alert to include revised information on vulnerable product identification, potential threat activity detections, and additional resources. Microsoft released an update to address a critical remote code execution vulnerability impacting Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) in Windows Server (2012, 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025 ), CVE - 2025 -59287

      2026-05-17 06:25 UTC
    • web:www.oracle.com

      This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

      2026-05-17 06:25 UTC
    • web:www.oracle.com

      This Critical Patch Update contains 374 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at October 2025 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

      2026-05-17 06:25 UTC

    AI Forensic Analysis

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    Raw JSON

    The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-4232.json.

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                "other": {
                  "content": {
                    "id": "CVE-2025-4232",
                    "options": [
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                        "Exploitation": "none"
                      },
                      {
                        "Automatable": "no"
                      },
                      {
                        "Technical Impact": "total"
                      }
                    ],
                    "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                    "timestamp": "2025-06-14T03:56:19.829250Z",
                    "version": "2.0.3"
                  },
                  "type": "ssvc"
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              "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
              "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
            },
            "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
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