CVE-2025-25249

Description

A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): fortinet
CVSS severity: HIGH
CVSS score: 7.4 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:W/RC:C
Effective score: 7.4 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
CWE(s): CWE-122
Reserved: 2025-02-05
Published: 2026-01-13 17:32 UTC
Last updated: 2026-02-26 16:04 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/25xxx/CVE-2025-25249.json
Linked Threat: CVE-2025-25249 — CVE-2025-25249

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2026-01-13 17:15:56 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-06-17 09:00:33 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 8.1 / 10 HIGH source: psirt@fortinet.com
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore: 2.2 / 10
Impact subscore: 5.9 / 10
EPSS score: 0.0075 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile: 51.20% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-30

NVD-assigned CWE(s): CWE-122, CWE-787 (differs from the CNA list above)

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2026-2223
Assigner: fortinet
Published: Jan 13, 2026, 4:32:35 PM
Updated: Feb 26, 2026, 3:04:42 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1): 7.4 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:W/RC:C
EUVD-reported EPSS: 0.0200
Vendors: Fortinet
Products: FortiOS (7.4.0 ≤7.4.7)

FortiOS (7.2.4 ≤7.2.11)

FortiOS (7.6.0 ≤7.6.2)

FortiSwitchManager (7.2.2 ≤7.2.5)

FortiSASE (25.1.a.2)
Aliases: GHSA-mj8x-m8f5-x4w8

ENISA description: A heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in Fortinet FortiOS 7.6.0 through 7.6.3, FortiOS 7.4.0 through 7.4.8, FortiOS 7.2.0 through 7.2.11, FortiOS 7.0.0 through 7.0.17, FortiOS 6.4 all versions, FortiSwitchManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.6, FortiSwitchManager 7.0.0 through 7.0.5 allows attacker to execute unauthorized code or commands via specially crafted packets

EUVD references (1)

https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084

Affected products (2)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
Fortinet	FortiSwitchManager	`7.2.2` (affected)	—
Fortinet	FortiOS	`7.6.0` (affected), `7.4.0` (affected), `7.2.4` (affected)	—

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (4) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisase:25.1.39:*:*:*:-:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortisase:25.1.51:*:*:*:-:*:*:*

Vendor references (1)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084

MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org

Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.

https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084

Web references (6)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/787.html rapid7:cwe.mitre.org
https://attackerkb.com/topics/CVE-2025-25249 rapid7:attackerkb.com
http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/122.html rapid7:cwe.mitre.org
https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2025-25249 rapid7:www.cve.org
https://www.fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084 rapid7:www.fortiguard.com
https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2026-2223 rapid7:euvd.enisa.europa.eu

NVD-tagged references (2)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://fortiguard.fortinet.com/psirt/FG-IR-25-084 psirt@fortinet.com Vendor Advisory
https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-864900.html 0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e

Remediations (10)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

CVE-2025-41249 - Vulnerability Details - OpenCVE

web:app.opencve.io

The Spring Framework annotation detection mechanism may not correctly resolve annotations on methods within type hierarchies with a parameterized super type with unbounded generics. This can be an issue if such annotations are used for authorization decisions. Your application may be affected by this if you are using Spring Security's @EnableMethodSecurity feature. You are not affected by this ...

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
CVE-2025-41249 Security Vulnerability & Exploit Details

web:cve.akaoma.com

Exploitability Analysis for CVE - 2025 -41249 With low attack complexity and no required privileges, CVE - 2025 -41249 is an easy target for cybercriminals. Organizations should prioritize immediate mitigation measures to prevent unauthorized access and data breaches. Understanding AC and PR

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tuesday, September 2025 Edition - Krebs on Security

web:krebsonsecurity.com

Microsoft Corp. today issued security updates to fix more than 80 vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and software. There are no known "zero-day" or actively exploited vulnerabilities ...

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
Nvd - Cve-2025-41249

web:nvd.nist.gov

An official website of the United States government Here's how you know

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
KB5089899 - Description of the security update for SQL Server 2025 CU4 ...

web:support.microsoft.com

Applies To SQL Server 2025 on Windows (all editions), SQL Server 2025 on Linux (all editions) Summary Improvements and fixes included in this update How to obtain and install the update How to obtain or download the latest cumulative update package for Linux More information File information Information about protection and security Summary This security update contains fixes and resolves ...

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
FortiOS and FortiSwitchManager Code Execution Vulnerability (CVE-2025 ...

web:threatprotect.qualys.com

Tracked as CVE-2025-25249 , the vulnerability is a high-severity issue with a CVSS score of 7.3. The heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability exists in FortiOS and FortiSwitchManager cw_acd daemon. The vulnerability may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests.

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - April 2026

web:www.oracle.com

This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tuesday - September 2025 - Rapid7

web:www.rapid7.com

Microsoft is addressing 176 vulnerabilities this September 2025 Patch Tuesday, which is a lot. This includes a zero-day denial of service vulnerability in SQL Server.

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
CVE-2025-41249 | Tenable®

web:www.tenable.com

The Spring Framework annotation detection mechanism may not correctly resolve annotations on methods within type hierarchies with a parameterized super type with unbounded generics. This can be an issue if such annotations are used for authorization decisions. Your application may be affected by this if you are using Spring Security's @EnableMethodSecurity feature. You are not affected by this ...

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC
Windows 11 April 2026 Update tested: What's new, improved and fixed

web:www.windowslatest.com

Windows 11 April 2026 update adds Narrator Copilot support, faster Settings, File Explorer fixes, and key security improvements.

2026-05-22 12:43 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-25249.json.

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