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CVE-2023-28254

📛 CVE Title

Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Description

Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

Overview

State
PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA)
microsoft
CVSS severity
HIGH
CVSS score
CVSS 7.2 / 10 7.2 7.2 / 10
CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
Effective score
7.2 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
MSRC score
7.2 / 10 HIGH MS rating: Important · Remote Code Execution
CWE(s)
CWE-122
Reserved
2023-03-13
Published
2023-04-11 07:00 UTC
Last updated
2023-04-11 07:00 UTC
Source
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2023/28xxx/CVE-2023-28254.json
Linked Threat
CVE-2023-28254 — Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published
2023-04-11 21:15:25 UTC
NVD last modified
2026-06-17 05:47:14 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1
CVSS 7.2 / 10 7.2 7.2 / 10 HIGH source: secure@microsoft.com
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore
1.2 / 10
Impact subscore
5.9 / 10
EPSS score
0.0144 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile
70.48% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-28

NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-29 08:44 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID
EUVD-2023-31962
Assigner
microsoft
Published
Apr 11, 2023, 7:13:54 PM
Updated
Jan 23, 2025, 1:05:14 AM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
7.2 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
EUVD-reported EPSS
6.2600
Vendors
Microsoft
Products
Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.22015)
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) (6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.20919)
Windows Server 2012 R2 (6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.20919)
Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) (6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.24216)
Windows Server 2019 (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.4252)
Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.22015)
Windows Server 2022 (10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.1668)
Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) (6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.22015)
Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) (6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.26466)
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.5850)
Windows Server 2016 (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.5850)
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.4252)
Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.26466)
Windows Server 2012 (6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.24216)
Aliases
GHSA-jmpj-ch6c-j8vm

ENISA description: Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability

EUVD references (1)

Microsoft Security Response Center MSRC

Microsoft's vendor-authoritative record from the Security Update Guide — its own CVSS score, impact, severity rating, exploit assessment, and KB-article fixes. Refreshed 2026-08-11 01:49 UTC (source: CVRF).

MS severity
Important
Impact
Remote Code Execution
MS CVSS base score
7.2 / 10 (temporal 6.3)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
Exploit assessment
Publicly Disclosed:No;Exploited:No;Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely;Older Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely;DOS:N/A
Release
2023-Apr
Microsoft remediations / KB articles (17)
  • 5025229 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.17763.4252)
  • 5025229 — Update
  • 5025230 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.20348.1668)
  • 5025230 — Update
  • 5025228 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.14393.5850)
  • 5025271 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.0.6003.22015)
  • 5025271 — Update
  • 5025273 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.0.6003.22015)
  • 5025273 — Update
  • 5025279 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.1.7601.26466)
  • 5025279 — Update
  • 5025277 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.1.7601.26466)
  • 5025277 — Update
  • 5025287 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.2.9200.24216)
  • 5025272 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.2.9200.24216)
  • 5025285 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.3.9600.20919)
  • 5025288 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.3.9600.20919)
Microsoft FAQ (1)

According to the CVSS metric, privileges required is high (PR:H). What does that mean for this vulnerability?

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires the attacker or targeted user to have specific elevated privileges. As is best practice, regular validation and audits of administrative groups should be conducted.

Affected products (14)

VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 6.0.6003.0 (affected) 32-bit Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) 6.0.6003.0 (affected) 32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 6.0.6003.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 6.1.7601.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) 6.1.7601.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) 6.2.9200.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 6.3.9600.0 (affected) x64-based Systems
Microsoft Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) 6.3.9600.0 (affected) x64-based Systems

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (7) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:x64:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Vendor references (1)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

Web references (25)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

NVD-tagged references (2)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

Remediations (15)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

  • web:support.esri.com

    Refer to the Issues Addressed with this Patch section for details about BUG-000171492. The new patch when shown as available in the ArcGIS Enterprise Patch Notification tool, is listed as ArcGIS Server Security 2025 Update 1 Patch with a release date of April 17, 2025; once installed, it is listed as ArcGIS Server Security 2025 Update 1 Patch B.

    2026-06-10 01:28 UTC
  • web:www.oracle.com

    This Critical Patch Update contains 374 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at October 2025 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

    2026-06-10 01:28 UTC
  • web:support.microsoft.com

    This out-of-band update for Windows 11, version 25H2 and 24H2 (KB5078127) is cumulative. It includes updates from previous security and non-security releases, along with an additional fix . To learn more about differences between security updates, optional non-security preview updates, out-of-band (OOB) updates, and continuous innovation, see Windows monthly updates explained. For information ...

    2026-06-10 01:28 UTC
  • web:experienceleague.adobe.com

    Learn about security bug fixes, security enhancements, and other security related updates included in the security patch releases for Adobe Commerce version 2.4.7.

    2026-06-10 01:28 UTC
  • web:securityboulevard.com

    Organizations must decide how to tackle vulnerabilities—through remediation , mitigation , or a combination of both. But which strategy is more effective? This blog explores the nuances of vulnerability remediation vs mitigation , their respective benefits, and how to choose the right approach.

    2026-06-10 01:28 UTC
  • web:www.computerworld.com

    Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:www.oracle.com

    This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:www.techrepublic.com

    Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday fixes 165 vulnerabilities, including two zero-days, in one of the company's largest monthly security updates.

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:www.tenable.com

    Microsoft patched 54 CVEs in its February 2026 Patch Tuesday release, with two rated critical, 51 rated as important and one rated as moderate. We omitted one vulnerability from our counts this month, CVE - 2023 -2804, a heap based overflow vulnerability in the libjpeg-turbo component.

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:cybersecuritynews.com

    Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday lands with a heavy enterprise focus, fixing 120 vulnerabilities across Windows, Office, Azure, developer tools, and Microsoft 365 apps, including 29 remote code execution (RCE) flaws rated Critical.

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:zecurit.com

    Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:krebsonsecurity.com

    Microsoft Corp. today issued security updates to fix more than 80 vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and software. There are no known "zero-day" or actively exploited ...

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:nvd.nist.gov

    An official website of the United States government Here's how you know

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com

    The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
  • web:www.bleepingcomputer.com

    Today is Microsoft's March 2026 Patch Tuesday with security updates for 79 flaws, including 2 publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerabilities.

    2026-05-22 06:12 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2023-28254.json.

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  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
    "assignerShortName": "microsoft",
    "cveId": "CVE-2023-28254",
    "datePublished": "2023-04-11T19:13:54.012Z",
    "dateReserved": "2023-03-13T22:18:32.389Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-01-23T01:05:14.714Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}