CVE-2023-28254
📛 CVE Title
Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Description
Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- microsoft
- CVSS severity
- HIGH
- CVSS score
- 7.2 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C- Effective score
- 7.2 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
- MSRC score
- 7.2 / 10 HIGH MS rating: Important · Remote Code Execution
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-122 - Reserved
- 2023-03-13
- Published
- 2023-04-11 07:00 UTC
- Last updated
- 2023-04-11 07:00 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2023/28xxx/CVE-2023-28254.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2023-28254 — Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2023-04-11 21:15:25 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-06-17 05:47:14 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 7.2 / 10 HIGH source: secure@microsoft.com
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Exploitability subscore
- 1.2 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 5.9 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0144 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 70.48% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-28
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-29 08:44 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2023-31962 - Assigner
- microsoft
- Published
- Apr 11, 2023, 7:13:54 PM
- Updated
- Jan 23, 2025, 1:05:14 AM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
7.2 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 6.2600
- Vendors
- Microsoft
- Products
-
Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.22015)Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) (6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.20919)Windows Server 2012 R2 (6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.20919)Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) (6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.24216)Windows Server 2019 (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.4252)Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.22015)Windows Server 2022 (10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.1668)Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) (6.0.6003.0 <6.0.6003.22015)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) (6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.26466)Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.5850)Windows Server 2016 (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.5850)Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.4252)Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.26466)Windows Server 2012 (6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.24216)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-jmpj-ch6c-j8vm
ENISA description: Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
EUVD references (1)
Microsoft Security Response Center MSRC
Microsoft's vendor-authoritative record from the Security Update Guide — its own CVSS score, impact, severity rating, exploit assessment, and KB-article fixes. Refreshed 2026-08-11 01:49 UTC (source: CVRF).
- MS severity
- Important
- Impact
- Remote Code Execution
- MS CVSS base score
- 7.2 / 10 (temporal 6.3)
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C - Exploit assessment
- Publicly Disclosed:No;Exploited:No;Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely;Older Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely;DOS:N/A
- Release
- 2023-Apr
Microsoft remediations / KB articles (17)
- 5025229 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.17763.4252)
- 5025229 — Update
- 5025230 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.20348.1668)
- 5025230 — Update
- 5025228 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.14393.5850)
- 5025271 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.0.6003.22015)
- 5025271 — Update
- 5025273 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.0.6003.22015)
- 5025273 — Update
- 5025279 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.1.7601.26466)
- 5025279 — Update
- 5025277 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.1.7601.26466)
- 5025277 — Update
- 5025287 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.2.9200.24216)
- 5025272 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.2.9200.24216)
- 5025285 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.3.9600.20919)
- 5025288 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.3.9600.20919)
Microsoft FAQ (1)
According to the CVSS metric, privileges required is high (PR:H). What does that mean for this vulnerability?
Successful exploitation of this vulnerability requires the attacker or targeted user to have specific elevated privileges. As is best practice, regular validation and audits of administrative groups should be conducted.
Affected products (14)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
10.0.17763.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
10.0.17763.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
10.0.20348.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
10.0.14393.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
10.0.14393.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
6.0.6003.0 (affected)
|
32-bit Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 (Server Core installation) |
6.0.6003.0 (affected)
|
32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 Service Pack 2 |
6.0.6003.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 |
6.1.7601.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) |
6.1.7601.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
6.2.9200.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
6.2.9200.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
6.3.9600.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
6.3.9600.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
Affected products — CPE 2.3 (7) NVD
NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:-:sp2:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:x64:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
- Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability vendor-advisory
Web references (25)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- 5025230 msrc
- 5025271 msrc
- 5025271 msrc
- 5025273 msrc
- 5025277 msrc
- 5025279 msrc
- 5025272 msrc
- 5025273 msrc
- 5025277 msrc
- 5025279 msrc
- 5025285 msrc
- 5025287 msrc
- 5025288 msrc
- MSRC update guide: CVE-2023-28254 msrc
- 5025228 msrc
- 5025229 msrc
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-28254 rapid7:www.cve.org
- https://attackerkb.com/topics/CVE-2023-28254 rapid7:attackerkb.com
- https://support.microsoft.com/help/5025228 rapid7:support.microsoft.com
- https://support.microsoft.com/help/5025229 rapid7:support.microsoft.com
- https://support.microsoft.com/help/5025230 rapid7:support.microsoft.com
- https://support.microsoft.com/help/5025272 rapid7:support.microsoft.com
- https://support.microsoft.com/help/5025285 rapid7:support.microsoft.com
- https://support.microsoft.com/help/5025288 rapid7:support.microsoft.com
- http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/122.html rapid7:cwe.mitre.org
NVD-tagged references (2)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28254 secure@microsoft.com PatchVendor Advisory
- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28254 af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 PatchVendor Advisory
Remediations (15)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:support.esri.com
Refer to the Issues Addressed with this Patch section for details about BUG-000171492. The new patch when shown as available in the ArcGIS Enterprise Patch Notification tool, is listed as ArcGIS Server Security 2025 Update 1 Patch with a release date of April 17, 2025; once installed, it is listed as ArcGIS Server Security 2025 Update 1 Patch B.
2026-06-10 01:28 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 374 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at October 2025 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-06-10 01:28 UTC -
web:support.microsoft.com
This out-of-band update for Windows 11, version 25H2 and 24H2 (KB5078127) is cumulative. It includes updates from previous security and non-security releases, along with an additional fix . To learn more about differences between security updates, optional non-security preview updates, out-of-band (OOB) updates, and continuous innovation, see Windows monthly updates explained. For information ...
2026-06-10 01:28 UTC -
web:experienceleague.adobe.com
Learn about security bug fixes, security enhancements, and other security related updates included in the security patch releases for Adobe Commerce version 2.4.7.
2026-06-10 01:28 UTC -
web:securityboulevard.com
Organizations must decide how to tackle vulnerabilities—through remediation , mitigation , or a combination of both. But which strategy is more effective? This blog explores the nuances of vulnerability remediation vs mitigation , their respective benefits, and how to choose the right approach.
2026-06-10 01:28 UTC -
web:www.computerworld.com
Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:www.techrepublic.com
Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday fixes 165 vulnerabilities, including two zero-days, in one of the company's largest monthly security updates.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:www.tenable.com
Microsoft patched 54 CVEs in its February 2026 Patch Tuesday release, with two rated critical, 51 rated as important and one rated as moderate. We omitted one vulnerability from our counts this month, CVE - 2023 -2804, a heap based overflow vulnerability in the libjpeg-turbo component.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday lands with a heavy enterprise focus, fixing 120 vulnerabilities across Windows, Office, Azure, developer tools, and Microsoft 365 apps, including 29 remote code execution (RCE) flaws rated Critical.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:krebsonsecurity.com
Microsoft Corp. today issued security updates to fix more than 80 vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and software. There are no known "zero-day" or actively exploited ...
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:nvd.nist.gov
An official website of the United States government Here's how you know
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:www.bleepingcomputer.com
Today is Microsoft's March 2026 Patch Tuesday with security updates for 79 flaws, including 2 publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerabilities.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2023-28254.json.
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"name": "Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability",
"tags": [
"vendor-advisory"
],
"url": "https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28254"
}
],
"title": "Windows DNS Server Remote Code Execution Vulnerability"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "f38d906d-7342-40ea-92c1-6c4a2c6478c8",
"assignerShortName": "microsoft",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-28254",
"datePublished": "2023-04-11T19:13:54.012Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-03-13T22:18:32.389Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-01-23T01:05:14.714Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}