CVE-2023-28237
📛 CVE Title
Windows Kernel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Description
Windows Kernel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- microsoft
- CVSS severity
- HIGH
- CVSS score
- 7.8 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C- Effective score
- 7.8 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
- MSRC score
- 7.8 / 10 HIGH MS rating: Important · Remote Code Execution
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-190 - Reserved
- 2023-03-13
- Published
- 2023-04-11 07:00 UTC
- Last updated
- 2023-04-11 07:00 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2023/28xxx/CVE-2023-28237.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2023-28237 — Windows Kernel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2023-04-11 21:15:24 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-06-17 05:47:12 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 7.8 / 10 HIGH source: secure@microsoft.com
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Exploitability subscore
- 1.8 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 5.9 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0059 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 44.55% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-28
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-29 07:18 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2023-31945 - Assigner
- microsoft
- Published
- Apr 11, 2023, 7:13:41 PM
- Updated
- Jan 23, 2025, 1:05:02 AM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
7.8 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 1.9500
- Vendors
- Microsoft
- Products
-
Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) (6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.20919)Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.5850)Windows Server 2019 (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.4252)Windows 10 Version 1507 (10.0.10240.0 <10.0.10240.19869)Windows 11 version 21H2 (10.0.0 <10.0.22000.1817)Windows 10 Version 1809 (10.0.0 <10.0.17763.4252)Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) (6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.24216)Windows 11 version 22H2 (10.0.22621.0 <10.0.22621.1555)Windows 10 Version 1809 (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.4252)Windows Server 2022 (10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.1668)Windows Server 2012 R2 (6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.20919)Windows Server 2012 (6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.24216)Windows 10 Version 1607 (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.5850)Windows 10 Version 20H2 (10.0.0 <10.0.19042.2846)Windows 10 Version 21H2 (10.0.19043.0 <10.0.19044.2846)Windows 10 Version 22H2 (10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.2846)Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.4252)Windows Server 2016 (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.5850)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-84g9-2mf7-pppv
ENISA description: Windows Kernel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability
EUVD references (1)
Microsoft Security Response Center MSRC
Microsoft's vendor-authoritative record from the Security Update Guide — its own CVSS score, impact, severity rating, exploit assessment, and KB-article fixes. Refreshed 2026-08-11 01:49 UTC (source: CVRF).
- MS severity
- Important
- Impact
- Remote Code Execution
- MS CVSS base score
- 7.8 / 10 (temporal 6.8)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C - Exploit assessment
- Publicly Disclosed:No;Exploited:No;Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely;DOS:N/A
- Release
- 2023-Apr
Microsoft remediations / KB articles (16)
- 5025229 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.17763.4252)
- 5025229 — Update
- 5025230 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.20348.1668)
- 5025230 — Update
- 5025221 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.19042.2846)
- 5025221 — Update
- 5025224 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.22000.1817)
- 5025224 — Update
- 5025239 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.22621.1555)
- 5025239 — Update
- 5025234 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.10240.19869)
- 5025228 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.14393.5850)
- 5025287 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.2.9200.24216)
- 5025272 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.2.9200.24216)
- 5025285 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.3.9600.20919)
- 5025288 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.3.9600.20919)
Microsoft FAQ (2)
According to the CVSS metric, the attack vector is local (AV:L). Why does the CVE title indicate that this is a remote code execution?
The word Remote in the title refers to the location of the attacker. This type of exploit is sometimes referred to as Arbitrary Code Execution (ACE). The attack itself is carried out locally. This means an attacker or victim needs to execute code from the local machine to exploit the vulnerability.
According to the CVSS metric, user interaction is required (UI:R). What interaction would the user have to do?
An attacker must send the user a malicious input file and convince the user to open said input file.
Affected products (18)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
10.0.17763.0 (affected)
|
32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1809 |
10.0.0 (affected)
|
ARM64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 |
10.0.17763.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) |
10.0.17763.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2022 |
10.0.20348.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 20H2 |
10.0.0 (affected)
|
32-bit Systems, ARM64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 21H2 |
10.0.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems, ARM64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 21H2 |
10.0.19043.0 (affected)
|
32-bit Systems, ARM64-based Systems, x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows 11 version 22H2 |
10.0.22621.0 (affected)
|
ARM64-based Systems, x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 22H2 |
10.0.19045.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems, ARM64-based Systems, 32-bit Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1507 |
10.0.10240.0 (affected)
|
32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows 10 Version 1607 |
10.0.14393.0 (affected)
|
32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 |
10.0.14393.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) |
10.0.14393.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 |
6.2.9200.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) |
6.2.9200.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 |
6.3.9600.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
| Microsoft | Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) |
6.3.9600.0 (affected)
|
x64-based Systems |
Affected products — CPE 2.3 (13) NVD
NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_20h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
- Windows Kernel Remote Code Execution Vulnerability vendor-advisory
Web references (17)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
NVD-tagged references (2)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28237 secure@microsoft.com PatchVendor Advisory
- https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-28237 af854a3a-2127-422b-91ae-364da2661108 PatchVendor Advisory
Remediations (16)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:www.oracle.com
Critical Security Patch Updates Critical Security Patch Updates provide security patches for supported Oracle on-premises products. A Critical Security Patch Update provides targeted, high-priority security fixes in a smaller, more focused format, making them easier to apply with minimal disruption.
2026-06-10 00:28 UTC -
web:gemini.google.com
Meet Gemini, Google's AI assistant. Get help with writing, planning, brainstorming, and more. Experience the power of generative AI.
2026-06-10 00:28 UTC -
web:www.rapid7.com
Microsoft has published 172 new vulnerabilities, including six zero-day vulnerabilities. Windows 10 moves past the end of support, sort of. Critical RCE in Windows Server Update Service.
2026-06-10 00:28 UTC -
web:experienceleague.adobe.com
Learn about security bug fixes, security enhancements, and other security related updates included in the security patch releases for Adobe Commerce version 2.4.7.
2026-06-10 00:28 UTC -
web:www.computerworld.com
Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...
2026-06-10 00:28 UTC -
web:www.lansweeper.com
Which vulnerabilities, issues, and other things did Microsoft update? Discover what's new using Lansweeper's Patch Tuesday May 2026 summary.
2026-06-10 00:28 UTC -
web:www.pcworld.com
This month's Patch Tuesday includes an actively exploited Office zero-day vulnerability and several critical RCE bugs in Windows and Remote Desktop.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:www.techrepublic.com
Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday fixes 165 vulnerabilities, including two zero-days, in one of the company's largest monthly security updates.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:www.windowscentral.com
Another out of band update has been issued to Windows 11 users to address a major bug that caused Outlook to become inoperable after January's disastrous Patch Tuesday updates.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft released its March 2026 Patch Tuesday security update on March 10, 2026, addressing 78 vulnerabilities across Windows, Microsoft Office, Azure, SQL Server, and .NET. The update includes one actively exploited zero-day vulnerability and multiple Critical-rated flaws demanding immediate attention from security teams. The most urgent fix this month is CVE -2026-21262, the sole zero-day ...
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:nvd.nist.gov
An official website of the United States government Here's how you know
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:translate.google.com
Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and web pages between English and over 100 other languages.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:www.bleepingcomputer.com
Microsoft says customers in restricted network environments may encounter Windows Update failures after installing the January 2026 optional non-security preview updates.
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC -
web:www.cisa.gov
Updated October 29, 2025: CISA has updated this Alert to include revised information on vulnerable product identification, potential threat activity detections, and additional resources. Microsoft released an update to address a critical remote code execution vulnerability impacting Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) in Windows Server (2012, 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025), CVE -2025-59287
2026-05-22 06:12 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2023-28237.json.
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