CVE-2026-31231
📛 CVE Title
CVE-2026-31231
Description
Cognee thru v0.4.0 contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability in its notebook cell execution API endpoint. The endpoint is designed to execute arbitrary Python code provided by the user, but it does so using the unsafe exec() function without any sandboxing, validation, or security controls. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted POST request containing malicious Python code to the execution endpoint. This leads to arbitrary code execution on the Cognee server with the privileges of the server process, allowing complete compromise of the system.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- mitre
- CVSS severity
- critical
- CVSS score
- 9.8 / 10
- CVSS vector
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Effective score
- 9.8 / 10 CRITICAL source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
- —
- Reserved
- 2026-03-09
- Published
- 2026-05-12 00:00 UTC
- Last updated
- 2026-05-15 18:05 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/31xxx/CVE-2026-31231.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2026-31231 — CVE-2026-31231
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2026-05-12 18:16:51 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-05-15 19:16:57 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 9.8 / 10 CRITICAL source: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Exploitability subscore
- 3.9 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 5.9 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0038 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 59.48% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-05-24
NVD-assigned CWE(s):
CWE-94
(differs from the CNA list above)
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-05-25 03:34 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2026-29554 - Assigner
- mitre
- Published
- May 12, 2026, 12:00:00 AM
- Updated
- May 15, 2026, 6:05:30 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
9.8 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.3800
- Vendors
- n/a
- Products
-
n/a (n/a)
ENISA description: Cognee thru v0.4.0 contains a critical remote code execution vulnerability in its notebook cell execution API endpoint. The endpoint is designed to execute arbitrary Python code provided by the user, but it does so using the unsafe exec() function without any sandboxing, validation, or security controls. An attacker can exploit this by sending a specially crafted POST request containing malicious Python code to the execution endpoint. This leads to arbitrary code execution on the Cognee server with the privileges of the server process, allowing complete compromise of the system.
Affected products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | n/a |
n/a (affected)
|
— |
Vendor references (2)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
Web references (5)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- https://github.com/topoteretes/cognee tenable:github.com
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31231 tenable:nvd.nist.gov
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31231 tenable:www.cve.org
- https://www.first.org/epss/ tenable:www.first.org
- https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31231-35d1e13931888178a963ef9efeb29113 tenable:www.notion.so
NVD-tagged references (2)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://github.com/topoteretes/cognee cve@mitre.org
- https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31231-35d1e13931888178a963ef9efeb29113 cve@mitre.org
Remediations (14)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:access.redhat.com
Remediation Timeline Given the interest in how this vulnerability was disclosed and remediated, the following timeline outlines the key events. 2026 -03-23 Reporter privately contacts upstream 2026 -03-24 Upstream acknowledges receiving the report 2026 -03-25 Upstream/Reporter propose and review patches 2026 -04-01 Upstream commits patch to ...
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:nvd.nist.gov
Official websites use .gov A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:threatprotect.qualys.com
CISA urged users to patch the vulnerability before May 15, 2026 . The Linux kernel is the open-source core component of the Linux operating system, serving as the primary interface between hardware and software processes.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:ubuntu.com
A local privilege escalation (LPE) vulnerability affecting the Linux kernel has been publicly disclosed on April 29, 2026 . The vulnerability has been assigned CVE ID CVE - 2026 -31431 and is referred to as Copy Fail. The affected component is a kernel module that provides hardware-accelerated cryptographic functions: algif_aead. The vulnerab […]
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:www.cisa.gov
Linux Kernel Incorrect Resource Transfer Between Spheres Vulnerability This type of vulnerability is a frequent attack vector for malicious cyber actors and poses significant risks to the federal enterprise. Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 22-01: Reducing the Significant Risk of Known Exploited Vulnerabilities established the KEV Catalog as a living list of known Common Vulnerabilities and ...
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday addresses 164 CVEs , featuring 8 Critical vulnerabilities, one exploited zero-day, and one disclosed zero-day.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:www.tenable.com
CVE - 2026 -31431 (Copy Fail) is a Linux kernel local privilege escalation flaw with a public PoC affecting all major distributions since 2017. Patches available.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:cyberinsider.com
CISA has added a critical Linux kernel flaw known as "Copy Fail" to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.
2026-05-26 02:51 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft released its March 2026 Patch Tuesday security update on March 10, 2026 , addressing 78 vulnerabilities across Windows, Microsoft Office, Azure, SQL Server, and .NET. The update includes one actively exploited zero-day vulnerability and multiple Critical-rated flaws demanding immediate attention from security teams. The most urgent fix this month is CVE - 2026 -21262, the sole zero-day ...
2026-05-26 02:51 UTC -
web:github.com
Exploit POC for CVE_2026_31431. Contribute to rootsecdev/cve_2026_31431 development by creating an account on GitHub.
2026-05-26 02:51 UTC -
web:www.microsoft.com
Security Update Guide Notifications Microsoft's free Security Update Guide Notifications provide links to security-related software updates and notification of re-released security updates. These notifications are sent via email throughout the month as needed.
2026-05-26 02:51 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-31231.json.
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