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CVE-2026-45994

📛 CVE Title

ibmasm: fix OOB reads in command_file_write due to missing size checks

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ibmasm: fix OOB reads in command_file_write due to missing size checks The command_file_write() handler allocates a kernel buffer of exactly count bytes and copies user data into it, but does not validate the buffer against the dot command protocol before passing it to get_dot_command_size() and get_dot_command_timeout(). Since both the allocation size (count) and the header fields (command_size, data_size) are independently user-controlled, an attacker can cause get_dot_command_size() to return a value exceeding the allocation, triggering OOB reads in get_dot_command_timeout() and an out-of-bounds memcpy_toio() that leaks kernel heap memory to the service processor. Fix with two guards: reject writes smaller than sizeof(struct dot_command_header) before allocation, then after copying user data reject commands where the buffer is smaller than the total size declared by the header (sizeof(header) + command_size + data_size). This ensures all subsequent header and payload field accesses stay within the buffer.

Overview

State
PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA)
Linux
CVSS severity
high
CVSS score
CVSS 7.1 / 10 7.1 7.1 / 10
CVSS vector
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
Effective score
7.1 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
MSRC score
5.5 / 10 MEDIUM MS rating: Moderate
CWE(s)
Reserved
2026-05-13
Published
2026-05-27 12:55 UTC
Last updated
2026-06-01 16:16 UTC
Source
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/45xxx/CVE-2026-45994.json
Linked Threat
CVE-2026-45994 — CVE-2026-45994

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published
2026-05-27 14:17:16 UTC
NVD last modified
2026-06-17 10:52:51 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1
CVSS 7.1 / 10 7.1 7.1 / 10 HIGH source: nvd@nist.gov
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
Exploitability subscore
1.8 / 10
Impact subscore
5.2 / 10
EPSS score
0.0014 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile
3.76% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-08-01

NVD-assigned CWE(s): CWE-125 (differs from the CNA list above)

NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-08-01 17:11 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID
EUVD-2026-32290
Assigner
Linux
Published
May 27, 2026, 12:55:47 PM
Updated
Jun 14, 2026, 5:46:55 PM
EUVD base score
0.0 / 10
EUVD-reported EPSS
0.1400
Vendors
Linux
Products
Linux (patch: 5.10.258)
Linux (patch: 6.6.140)
Linux (patch: 0)
Linux (patch: 7.1)
Linux (patch: 6.18.27)
Linux (1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <ee5737891464030a189837467df3b81a273718ad)
Linux (patch: 5.15.209)
Linux (1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d0fb4d1dc43f8d5179917a2daaa82680993d4cdf)
Linux (1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <a672682d39dd34e2b5ba4feb436723bed65125ff)
Linux (1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <d50e2019c9d7c433f56d9dff65703eb904aa1fb1)
Linux (2.6.12)
Linux (1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <aefc1a97da17d8309974690c8a03e439a91ebb1c)
Linux (1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <0eb09f737428e482a32a2e31e5e223f2b35a71d3)
Linux (patch: 6.1.175)
Linux (1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <44ee19422aa82a6847594866de7e5a31e4ef98b3)
Linux (patch: 6.12.86)
Linux (1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 <7b8a574da5d7ea99b943f7a3458a17a1d95e8838)
Linux (patch: 7.0.4)
Aliases
GHSA-rcq2-mghh-wcf4

ENISA description: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ibmasm: fix OOB reads in command_file_write due to missing size checks The command_file_write() handler allocates a kernel buffer of exactly count bytes and copies user data into it, but does not validate the buffer against the dot command protocol before passing it to get_dot_command_size() and get_dot_command_timeout(). Since both the allocation size (count) and the header fields (command_size, data_size) are independently user-controlled, an attacker can cause get_dot_command_size() to return a value exceeding the allocation, triggering OOB reads in get_dot_command_timeout() and an out-of-bounds memcpy_toio() that leaks kernel heap memory to the service processor. Fix with two guards: reject writes smaller than sizeof(struct dot_command_header) before allocation, then after copying user data reject commands where the buffer is smaller than the total size declared by the header (sizeof(header) + command_size + data_size). This ensures all subsequent header and payload field accesses stay within the buffer.

EUVD references (8)

Microsoft Security Response Center MSRC

Microsoft's vendor-authoritative record from the Security Update Guide — its own CVSS score, impact, severity rating, exploit assessment, and KB-article fixes. Refreshed 2026-08-12 01:09 UTC (source: CVRF).

MS severity
Moderate
MS CVSS base score
5.5 / 10 (temporal 5.5)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Release
2026-May
Microsoft remediations / KB articles (2)

Affected products (2)

VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
Linux Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (affected), 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (affected), 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (affected), 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (affected), 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (affected), 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (affected), 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (affected), 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 (affected)
Linux Linux 2.6.12 (affected), 0 (unaffected), 5.10.258 (unaffected), 5.15.209 (unaffected), 6.1.175 (unaffected), 6.6.140 (unaffected), 6.12.86 (unaffected), 6.18.27 (unaffected), 7.0.4 (unaffected), 7.1-rc1 (unaffected)

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (6) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.12:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.12:rc2:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.12:rc3:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.12:rc4:*:*:*:*:*:*
  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:2.6.12:rc5:*:*:*:*:*:*

Vendor references (8)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

Web references (13)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

NVD-tagged references (8)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

Remediations (18)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

  • web:blogs.oracle.com

    For more information about the Critical Patch Update program, see the security vulnerability remediation practices page located on the Oracle Trust Center.

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:op-c.net

    CISA added two actively exploited Microsoft Defender vulnerabilities, CVE - 2026 -41091 and CVE - 2026 -45498, to its KEV catalog. Learn the risks and recommended actions.

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com

    The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:support.servicenow.com

    Overview The advisories below document publicly disclosed Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures ( CVEs ) in the Now Platform by ServiceNow. Because ServiceNow uses various methods to communicate vulnerability information, patches, and other fixes, customers should review family, security patch , and hotfix release notes, which are available at https://docs.servicenow.com, for a complete list of ...

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:windowsforum.com

    The mitigation name administrators should verify for CVE - 2026 -42897 is M2. Exchange Server 2016, Exchange Server 2019, and Exchange Server Subscription Edition are affected at any update level, while Exchange Online is not affected.

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:www.helpnetsecurity.com

    Attackers are actively exploiting two Microsoft Defender vulnerabilities ( CVE - 2026 -41091 and CVE - 2026 -45498), Microsoft acknowledged.

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:www.microsoft.com

    Security Update Guide Notifications Microsoft's free Security Update Guide Notifications provide links to security-related software updates and notification of re-released security updates. These notifications are sent via email throughout the month as needed.

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:www.oracle.com

    This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:www.virustotal.com

    VirusTotal is a platform for scanning files and URLs for viruses, malware, and other threats using multiple antivirus engines.

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:zecurit.com

    Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's June 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .

    2026-06-04 00:14 UTC
  • web:blog.gridinsoft.com

    Microsoft has confirmed exploitation of two Microsoft Defender vulnerabilities fixed in the May 2026 security update cycle. CVE - 2026 -41091 is an elevation-of-privilege flaw in the Microsoft Malware Protection Engine, while CVE - 2026 -45498 is a denial-of-service flaw in the Microsoft Defender Antimalware Platform . The first bug matters more for incident response because a local authorized ...

    2026-06-19 02:27 UTC
  • web:cyberpress.org

    The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added two actively exploited Microsoft Defender vulnerabilities to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, issuing an urgent remediation directive for federal agencies with a due date of June 3, 2026 .

    2026-06-19 02:27 UTC
  • web:cybersecuritynews.com

    Microsoft has officially acknowledged a critical zero-day vulnerability in Microsoft Defender, publicly dubbed "RoguePlanet," and confirmed it is actively developing a security patch to address the flaw.

    2026-06-19 02:27 UTC
  • web:cybersecuritynews.com

    Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday lands with a heavy enterprise focus, fixing 120 vulnerabilities across Windows, Office, Azure, developer tools, and Microsoft 365 apps, including 29 remote code execution (RCE) flaws rated Critical.

    2026-06-19 02:27 UTC
  • web:msrc.microsoft.com

    Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

    2026-06-19 02:27 UTC
  • web:www.computerworld.com

    Microsoft says it is considering a patch for a zero-day vulnerability, dubbed YellowKey, that allows attackers with access to a Windows device to bypass Bitlocker encryption protection and read ...

    2026-06-19 02:27 UTC
  • web:www.crowdstrike.com

    Microsoft has released security updates for 130 vulnerabilities, including 30 critical, in its May 2026 Patch Tuesday rollout.

    2026-06-19 02:27 UTC
  • web:www.malwarebytes.com

    Microsoft says it's working on a fix for an unpatched Defender vulnerability that can give attackers the highest level of access on Windows.

    2026-06-19 02:27 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-45994.json.

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/misc/ibmasm/ibmasmfs.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "44ee19422aa82a6847594866de7e5a31e4ef98b3",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
              "versionType": "git"
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            {
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            {
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              "status": "affected",
              "version": "1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2",
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              "versionType": "git"
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        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
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          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "2.6.12"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "2.6.12",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.10.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.10.258",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "5.15.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "5.15.209",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.1.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.1.175",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.140",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.86",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.27",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "7.0.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.0.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.1-rc1",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.10.258",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "5.15.209",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.1.175",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "2.6.12",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
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                  "vulnerable": true
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                {
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                {
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                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
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                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nibmasm: fix OOB reads in command_file_write due to missing size checks\n\nThe command_file_write() handler allocates a kernel buffer of exactly\ncount bytes and copies user data into it, but does not validate the\nbuffer against the dot command protocol before passing it to\nget_dot_command_size() and get_dot_command_timeout().\n\nSince both the allocation size (count) and the header fields (command_size,\ndata_size) are independently user-controlled, an attacker can cause\nget_dot_command_size() to return a value exceeding the allocation,\ntriggering OOB reads in get_dot_command_timeout() and an out-of-bounds\nmemcpy_toio() that leaks kernel heap memory to the service processor.\n\nFix with two guards: reject writes smaller than sizeof(struct\ndot_command_header) before allocation, then after copying user data\nreject commands where the buffer is smaller than the total size declared\nby the header (sizeof(header) + command_size + data_size). This ensures\nall subsequent header and payload field accesses stay within the buffer."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T16:16:49.946Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/44ee19422aa82a6847594866de7e5a31e4ef98b3"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b8a574da5d7ea99b943f7a3458a17a1d95e8838"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d50e2019c9d7c433f56d9dff65703eb904aa1fb1"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a672682d39dd34e2b5ba4feb436723bed65125ff"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/aefc1a97da17d8309974690c8a03e439a91ebb1c"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ee5737891464030a189837467df3b81a273718ad"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d0fb4d1dc43f8d5179917a2daaa82680993d4cdf"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/0eb09f737428e482a32a2e31e5e223f2b35a71d3"
        }
      ],
      "title": "ibmasm: fix OOB reads in command_file_write due to missing size checks",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45994",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-27T12:55:47.612Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.091Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T16:16:49.946Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}