CVE-2025-23589
📛 CVE Title
WordPress ContentOptin Lite plugin <= 1.1 - Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Description
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in markugwuanyi ContentOptin Lite contentoptin allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects ContentOptin Lite: from n/a through <= 1.1.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- Patchstack
- CVSS severity
- HIGH
- CVSS score
- 7.1 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L- Effective score
- 7.1 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-79 - Reserved
- 2025-01-16
- Published
- 2025-01-22 15:29 UTC
- Last updated
- 2026-04-28 18:11 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/23xxx/CVE-2025-23589.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2025-23589 — ContentOptin Lite – WP Content Upgrade Plugin <= 1.1 - Reflected Cross-Site Scripting
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2025-01-22 15:15:17 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-06-17 08:55:36 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 7.1 / 10 HIGH source: audit@patchstack.com
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L- Exploitability subscore
- 2.8 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 3.7 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0038 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 29.77% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-01
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-02 13:41 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2025-3266 - Assigner
- Patchstack
- Published
- Jan 22, 2025, 2:29:14 PM
- Updated
- Apr 28, 2026, 4:11:14 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
7.1 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.3400
- Vendors
- NotFound, markugwuanyi
- Products
-
ContentOptin Lite (n/a ≤1.1)ContentOptin Lite (0 ≤1.1)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-c73h-5523-53rr
ENISA description: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in markugwuanyi ContentOptin Lite contentoptin allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects ContentOptin Lite: from n/a through <= 1.1.
Affected products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| markugwuanyi | ContentOptin Lite |
0 (affected)
|
— |
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org
Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.
Web references (0)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
No web references attached yet.
NVD-tagged references (1)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
Indicators (2)
IOCs linked to the auto-promoted Threat row.
| Type | Value | VirusTotal | Attached |
|---|---|---|---|
| domain |
xss.this
|
no local data | 2026-05-18 21:19 UTC |
| cve |
CVE-2025-23589
|
no local data | 2026-06-06 14:00 UTC |
Remediations (17)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
Wordfence remediation: ContentOptin Lite – WP Content Upgrade PluginWordfence
No known patch available. Please review the vulnerability's details in depth and employ mitigations based on your organization's risk tolerance. It may be best to uninstall the affected software and find a replacement.
2026-06-06 14:00 UTC -
web:blog.qualys.com
EVALUATE Vendor-Suggested Mitigation with Policy Audit With Qualys Policy Audit's Out-of-the-Box Mitigation or Compensatory Controls, reduce the risk of a vulnerability being exploited because the remediation ( fix / patch ) cannot be done now; these security controls are not recommended by any industry standards, such as CIS, DISA-STIG.
2026-05-22 12:27 UTC -
web:krebsonsecurity.com
But with a threat score of 9.8 out of possible 10 and marked "exploitation more likely," CVE - 2025 -59287 can be exploited without authentication and is an easy " patch now" candidate.
2026-05-22 12:27 UTC -
web:msrc.microsoft.com
The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) investigates all reports of security vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products and services, and provides the information here as part of the ongoing effort to help you manage security risks and help keep your systems protected.
2026-05-22 12:27 UTC -
web:nvd.nist.gov
Vulnerabilities All vulnerabilities in the NVD have been assigned a CVE identifier and thus, abide by the definition below. CVE defines a vulnerability as: "A weakness in the computational logic (e.g., code) found in software and hardware components that, when exploited, results in a negative impact to confidentiality, integrity, or availability. Mitigation of the vulnerabilities in this ...
2026-05-22 12:27 UTC -
web:source.android.com
Android partners are encouraged to fix all issues in this bulletin and use the latest security patch level. Devices that use the 2025 -09-01 security patch level must include all issues associated with that security patch level, as well as fixes for all issues reported in previous security bulletins.
2026-05-22 12:27 UTC -
web:www.cisa.gov
Updated October 29, 2025 : CISA has updated this Alert to include revised information on vulnerable product identification, potential threat activity detections, and additional resources. Microsoft released an update to address a critical remote code execution vulnerability impacting Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) in Windows Server (2012, 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025 ), CVE - 2025 -59287
2026-05-22 12:27 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 374 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at October 2025 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:www.pcworld.com
Microsoft fixed 58 security vulnerabilities on Patch Tuesday, including several that are already being exploited in the wild.
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:www.bleepingcomputer.com
Microsoft has released out-of-band (OOB) security updates to patch a critical-severity Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) vulnerability with publicly available proof-of-concept exploit code.
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:blog.talosintelligence.com
Thor analyzes CVE data from 2025 and provides recommendations for where and how organizations should strengthen their defenses.
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft released its final Patch Tuesday updates of 2025 on December 9, addressing 56 security vulnerabilities across Windows, Office, Exchange Server, and other components.
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:gbhackers.com
Microsoft has released its September 2025 Patch Tuesday update, addressing a total of 81 security vulnerabilities across its product portfolio.
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:krebsonsecurity.com
Microsoft Corp. today issued security updates to fix more than 80 vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and software. There are no known "zero-day" or actively exploited vulnerabilities ...
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:www.computerworld.com
Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC -
web:www.lansweeper.com
Patch Tuesday Microsoft report by Lansweeper. get an overview from all the Microsoft Patch Tuesday 's and fix the vulnerabilities.
2026-05-22 03:24 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-23589.json.
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