CVE-2026-31226
📛 CVE Title
CVE-2026-31226
Description
The TinyZero project thru commit 6652a63c57fa7e5ccde3fc9c598c7176ff15b839 (2025-58-24) contains a critical command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in its HDFS file operation utilities. The vulnerability arises from the unsafe construction and execution of shell commands via os.system() without proper input sanitization or escaping. User-controlled input (such as file paths) is directly interpolated into shell command strings using f-strings within the _copy() function. An attacker can inject arbitrary OS commands by supplying a specially crafted path parameter through the Hydra configuration framework. This leads to remote code execution with the privileges of the user running the TinyZero training process.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- mitre
- CVSS severity
- critical
- CVSS score
- 9.8 / 10
- CVSS vector
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Effective score
- 9.8 / 10 CRITICAL source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
- —
- Reserved
- 2026-03-09
- Published
- 2026-05-12 00:00 UTC
- Last updated
- 2026-05-13 14:08 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/31xxx/CVE-2026-31226.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2026-31226 — CVE-2026-31226
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2026-05-12 16:16:14 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-05-19 18:14:16 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 9.8 / 10 CRITICAL source: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Exploitability subscore
- 3.9 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 5.9 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0067 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 71.70% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-05-24
NVD-assigned CWE(s):
CWE-78
(differs from the CNA list above)
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-05-25 03:35 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2026-29510 - Assigner
- mitre
- Published
- May 12, 2026, 12:00:00 AM
- Updated
- May 13, 2026, 2:08:46 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
9.8 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.6800
- Vendors
- n/a
- Products
-
n/a (n/a)
ENISA description: The TinyZero project thru commit 6652a63c57fa7e5ccde3fc9c598c7176ff15b839 (2025-58-24) contains a critical command injection vulnerability (CWE-78) in its HDFS file operation utilities. The vulnerability arises from the unsafe construction and execution of shell commands via os.system() without proper input sanitization or escaping. User-controlled input (such as file paths) is directly interpolated into shell command strings using f-strings within the _copy() function. An attacker can inject arbitrary OS commands by supplying a specially crafted path parameter through the Hydra configuration framework. This leads to remote code execution with the privileges of the user running the TinyZero training process.
Affected products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| n/a | n/a |
n/a (affected)
|
— |
Vendor references (2)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
Web references (5)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- https://github.com/Jiayi-Pan/TinyZero tenable:github.com
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-31226 tenable:nvd.nist.gov
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-31226 tenable:www.cve.org
- https://www.first.org/epss/ tenable:www.first.org
- https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31226-35d1e139318881d19af5d63095c74579 tenable:www.notion.so
NVD-tagged references (2)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://github.com/Jiayi-Pan/TinyZero cve@mitre.org
- https://www.notion.so/CVE-2026-31226-35d1e139318881d19af5d63095c74579 cve@mitre.org
Remediations (19)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:blog.talosintelligence.com
Microsoft has released its monthly security update for May 2026 , which includes 137 vulnerabilities affecting a range of products, including 16 that Microsoft marked as "critical".
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:blogs.oracle.com
For more information about the Critical Patch Update program, see the security vulnerability remediation practices page located on the Oracle Trust Center.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:krebsonsecurity.com
Microsoft expects that exploitation is more likely. May's Patch Tuesday is a welcome respite from April, which saw Microsoft fix a near-record 167 security flaws.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:securereading.com
Microsoft has released its May 2026 Patch Tuesday security updates addressing multiple critical vulnerabilities affecting enterprise cloud services, operating systems, virtualization infrastructure, authentication platforms, and business applications.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:vulert.com
Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday fixes 138 vulnerabilities, including critical Windows DNS and Netlogon RCE flaws. Learn the risks, key CVEs , mitigation steps, and how Vulert can help.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:www.bleepingcomputer.com
Today is Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday with security updates for 167 flaws, including 2 zero-day vulnerabilities.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:www.cisecurity.org
<p>Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining the same privileges as the logged-on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or ...
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:www.tenable.com
Microsoft fixed 118 CVEs in the May 2026 Patch Tuesday, with no zero-days exploited in the wild or publicly disclosed for the first time since June 2024.
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-23 21:46 UTC -
web:blog.qualys.com
With Qualys Policy Audit's out-of-the-box mitigation or Compensatory Controls, which reduce the risk of a vulnerability being exploited because the remediation ( fix / patch ) cannot be done immediately, these security controls are not recommended by any industry standards, such as CIS and DISA-STIG.
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC -
web:cyberpress.org
March 2026 Patch Tuesday Overview According to Microsoft's security advisory, the March release fixes a total of 79 vulnerabilities across the Microsoft ecosystem.
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft released its March 2026 Patch Tuesday security update on March 10, 2026 , addressing 78 vulnerabilities across Windows, Microsoft Office, Azure, SQL Server, and .NET. The update includes one actively exploited zero-day vulnerability and multiple Critical-rated flaws demanding immediate attention from security teams. The most urgent fix this month is CVE - 2026 -21262, the sole zero-day ...
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC -
web:msrc.microsoft.com
The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) investigates all reports of security vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products and services, and provides the information here as part of the ongoing effort to help you manage security risks and help keep your systems protected.
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC -
web:securityaffairs.com
Microsoft Patch Tuesday security updates for March 2026 addressed 84 vulnerabilities across its products. The IT giant addressed flaws across Windows, Office, Edge, Azure, SQL Server, Hyper-V, and ReFS. Including third-party and Chromium updates, the total reaches 94 vulnerabilities. Eight flaws are rated Critical and the rest Important.
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC -
web:www.cisecurity.org
<p>Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining the same privileges as the logged-on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or ...
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday addresses 164 CVEs , featuring 8 Critical vulnerabilities, one exploited zero-day, and one disclosed zero-day.
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC -
web:www.rapid7.com
Microsoft is publishing 77 vulnerabilities this Patch Tuesday, including two publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerabilities.
2026-05-26 02:53 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-31226.json.
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