CVE-2026-44000
📛 CVE Title
vm2: sandbox boundary bypass via host Promise resolution preserving host object identity
Description
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, a sandbox boundary violation in vm2 allows host object identity to cross into the sandbox through host Promise resolution. When a host-side Promise that resolves to a host object is exposed to the sandbox, the value delivered to the sandbox .then() callback preserves host identity. This allows the sandbox to interact with the host object directly, including performing identity checks using host-side WeakMap and mutating host object state from inside the sandbox. This behavior occurs because the Promise fulfillment wrapper uses ensureThis() instead of the stronger cross-realm conversion path (from() / proxy wrapping). If no prototype mapping is found, ensureThis() returns the original object. As a result, objects resolved by host Promises can cross the sandbox boundary without proper isolation. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- GitHub_M
- CVSS severity
- MEDIUM
- CVSS score
- 6.5 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N- Effective score
- 6.5 / 10 MEDIUM source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-693 - Reserved
- 2026-05-04
- Published
- 2026-05-13 19:23 UTC
- Last updated
- 2026-05-13 20:20 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/44xxx/CVE-2026-44000.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2026-44000 — CVE-2026-44000
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2026-05-13 18:16:16 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-05-14 15:35:36 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 6.5 / 10 MEDIUM source: security-advisories@github.com
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N- Exploitability subscore
- 3.9 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 2.5 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0005 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 14.55% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-05-24
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-05-25 08:45 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2026-30070 - Assigner
- GitHub_M
- Published
- May 13, 2026, 5:23:35 PM
- Updated
- May 13, 2026, 6:20:55 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
6.5 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.0500
- Vendors
- patriksimek
- Products
-
vm2 (< 3.11.0)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg
ENISA description: vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, a sandbox boundary violation in vm2 allows host object identity to cross into the sandbox through host Promise resolution. When a host-side Promise that resolves to a host object is exposed to the sandbox, the value delivered to the sandbox .then() callback preserves host identity. This allows the sandbox to interact with the host object directly, including performing identity checks using host-side WeakMap and mutating host object state from inside the sandbox. This behavior occurs because the Promise fulfillment wrapper uses ensureThis() instead of the stronger cross-realm conversion path (from() / proxy wrapping). If no prototype mapping is found, ensureThis() returns the original object. As a result, objects resolved by host Promises can cross the sandbox boundary without proper isolation. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.
EUVD references (1)
Affected products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| patriksimek | vm2 |
< 3.11.0 (affected)
|
— |
Affected products — CPE 2.3 (1) NVD
NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.
cpe:2.3:a:vm2_project:vm2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
- https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg x_refsource_CONFIRM
MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org
Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.
- https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg x_refsource_CONFIRM
Web references (3)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-44000 tenable:nvd.nist.gov
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-44000 tenable:www.cve.org
- https://www.first.org/epss/ tenable:www.first.org
NVD-tagged references (2)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg security-advisories@github.com ExploitVendor Advisory
- https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 ExploitVendor Advisory
Remediations (18)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:cyberpress.org
The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added two actively exploited Microsoft Defender vulnerabilities to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, issuing an urgent remediation directive for federal agencies with a due date of June 3, 2026 .
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:helpx.adobe.com
Adobe has released a security update for Adobe Acrobat and Reader for Windows and macOS. This update addresses critical and important vulnerabilities. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution and arbitrary file system read. Adobe is not aware of any exploits in the wild for any of the issues addressed in these updates.
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:krebsonsecurity.com
For a clickable, per- patch breakdown, check out the SANS Internet Storm Center Patch Tuesday roundup. Running into problems applying any of these updates?
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:www.cisecurity.org
<p>Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining the same privileges as the logged-on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or ...
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday addresses 164 CVEs , featuring 8 Critical vulnerabilities, one exploited zero-day, and one disclosed zero-day.
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:www.nist.gov
NIST maintains the National Vulnerability Database (NVD), a repository of information on software and hardware flaws that can compromise computer security. This is a key piece of the nation's cybersecurity infrastructure.
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:www.techradar.com
CISA confirms two bugs being actively exploited in the wild, as Microsoft releases patches.
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:www.thehackerwire.com
CVE-2026-44000 is a Medium severity vulnerability (CVSS 6.5). vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, a sandbox boundary violation in vm2 allows host object...
2026-05-23 20:54 UTC -
web:blog.qualys.com
RedSun is a zero-day LPE in Microsoft Defender with no patch available. Learn how to detect and mitigate it instantly using Qualys VMDR and TruRisk™ Eliminate.
2026-05-26 02:55 UTC -
web:blogs.oracle.com
As a follow-up to our recent post, Accelerating Vulnerability Detection and Response, Oracle is announcing the start date and cadence for monthly Critical Security Patch Updates (CSPUs). Beginning May 28, 2026 , Oracle will deliver a Critical Security Patch Update (CSPU) each month.
2026-05-26 02:55 UTC -
web:support.microsoft.com
Additional information about this update The following articles contain additional information about this update as it relates to individual product versions. 5084071 Description of the Cumulative Update for .NET Framework 3.5, 4.8 and 4.8.1 for Windows Server 2022 (KB5084071) Known issues in this update Microsoft is not currently aware of any issues in this update. How to get this update ...
2026-05-26 02:55 UTC -
web:threatprotect.qualys.com
Zero-day Vulnerabilities Patched in April Patch Tuesday Edition CVE - 2026 -33825: Microsoft Defender Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability Microsoft Defender is a comprehensive, AI-powered security suite that provides malware protection, phishing detection, and web protection for individuals and businesses.
2026-05-26 02:55 UTC -
web:windowsreport.com
Microsoft has released its May 2026 Patch Tuesday updates for Windows 11 and Windows 10, shipping as KB5089549 and KB5087544. The updates include fixes for more than 130 security vulnerabilities across Windows, Office, SharePoint, DNS components, and core system services, as Bleeping Computer writes. While no publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerabilities were reported this month, the […]
2026-05-26 02:55 UTC -
web:www.bleepingcomputer.com
Today is Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday with security updates for 167 flaws, including 2 zero-day vulnerabilities.
2026-05-26 02:55 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft has released security updates for 130 vulnerabilities, including 30 critical, in its May 2026 Patch Tuesday rollout.
2026-05-26 02:55 UTC -
web:www.forbes.com
Microsoft Exchange users are urged to mitigate a zero-day vulnerability that CISA has confirmed is under active exploitation.
2026-05-26 02:55 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
Only Available for Registered Users. Sign in to view.
Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-44000.json.
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2026-44000",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "poc"
},
{
"Automatable": "yes"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2026-05-13T18:20:50.439269Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T18:20:55.192Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"exploit"
],
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg"
}
],
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"product": "vm2",
"vendor": "patriksimek",
"versions": [
{
"status": "affected",
"version": "< 3.11.0"
}
]
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, a sandbox boundary violation in vm2 allows host object identity to cross into the sandbox through host Promise resolution. When a host-side Promise that resolves to a host object is exposed to the sandbox, the value delivered to the sandbox .then() callback preserves host identity. This allows the sandbox to interact with the host object directly, including performing identity checks using host-side WeakMap and mutating host object state from inside the sandbox. This behavior occurs because the Promise fulfillment wrapper uses ensureThis() instead of the stronger cross-realm conversion path (from() / proxy wrapping). If no prototype mapping is found, ensureThis() returns the original object. As a result, objects resolved by host Promises can cross the sandbox boundary without proper isolation. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "NONE",
"baseScore": 6.5,
"baseSeverity": "MEDIUM",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N",
"version": "3.1"
}
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-693",
"description": "CWE-693: Protection Mechanism Failure",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T17:23:35.175Z",
"orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"shortName": "GitHub_M"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg",
"tags": [
"x_refsource_CONFIRM"
],
"url": "https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg"
}
],
"source": {
"advisory": "GHSA-mpf8-4hx2-7cjg",
"discovery": "UNKNOWN"
},
"title": "vm2: sandbox boundary bypass via host Promise resolution preserving host object identity"
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
"assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
"cveId": "CVE-2026-44000",
"datePublished": "2026-05-13T17:23:35.175Z",
"dateReserved": "2026-05-04T20:24:31.918Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-05-13T18:20:55.192Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}