CVE-2026-43999
📛 CVE Title
vm2: NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass via `module` builtin's `Module._load` allows sandbox escape
Description
vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, NodeVM's builtin allowlist can be bypassed when the module builtin is allowed (including via the '*' wildcard). The module builtin exposes Node's Module._load(), which loads any module by name directly in the host context, completely bypassing vm2's builtin restriction. This allows sandboxed code to load excluded builtins like child_process and achieve remote code execution. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- GitHub_M
- CVSS severity
- CRITICAL
- CVSS score
- 9.9 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H- Effective score
- 9.9 / 10 CRITICAL source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-863 - Reserved
- 2026-05-04
- Published
- 2026-05-13 19:21 UTC
- Last updated
- 2026-05-15 05:55 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/43xxx/CVE-2026-43999.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2026-43999 — vm2: NodeVM builtin allowlist bypass via `module` builtin's `Module._load` allows sandbox escape
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2026-05-13 18:16:16 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-05-14 16:16:23 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 9.9 / 10 CRITICAL source: security-advisories@github.com
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H- Exploitability subscore
- 3.1 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 6.0 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0018 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 38.95% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-05-24
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-05-25 08:44 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2026-30069 - Assigner
- GitHub_M
- Published
- May 13, 2026, 5:21:22 PM
- Updated
- May 15, 2026, 3:55:54 AM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
9.9 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.1800
- Vendors
- patriksimek
- Products
-
vm2 (< 3.11.0)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-947f-4v7f-x2v8
ENISA description: vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.0, NodeVM's builtin allowlist can be bypassed when the module builtin is allowed (including via the '*' wildcard). The module builtin exposes Node's Module._load(), which loads any module by name directly in the host context, completely bypassing vm2's builtin restriction. This allows sandboxed code to load excluded builtins like child_process and achieve remote code execution. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.0.
EUVD references (1)
Affected products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| patriksimek | vm2 |
< 3.11.0 (affected)
|
— |
Affected products — CPE 2.3 (1) NVD
NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.
cpe:2.3:a:vm2_project:vm2:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
- https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-947f-4v7f-x2v8 x_refsource_CONFIRM
MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org
Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.
- https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-947f-4v7f-x2v8 x_refsource_CONFIRM
Web references (4)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-43999 tenable:nvd.nist.gov
- https://thehackernews.com/2026/05/vm2-nodejs-library-vulnerabilities.html tenable:thehackernews.com
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2026-43999 tenable:www.cve.org
- https://www.first.org/epss/ tenable:www.first.org
NVD-tagged references (2)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-947f-4v7f-x2v8 security-advisories@github.com ExploitMitigationVendor Advisory
- https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-947f-4v7f-x2v8 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 ExploitMitigationVendor Advisory
Indicators (1)
IOCs linked to the auto-promoted Threat row.
| Type | Value | VirusTotal | Attached |
|---|---|---|---|
| domain |
node.js
|
no local data | 2026-05-18 21:18 UTC |
Remediations (17)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:access.redhat.com
The mitigation methods below address both vulnerabilities that affect Red Hat products — CVE - 2026 -43284 (IPsec ESP) and CVE - 2026 -46300 (XFRM ESP-in-TCP). CVE - 2026 -43500 (rxrpc) does not affect Red Hat products and requires no mitigation .
2026-05-22 17:21 UTC -
web:blog.qualys.com
With Qualys Policy Audit's out-of-the-box mitigation or Compensatory Controls, which reduce the risk of a vulnerability being exploited because the remediation ( fix / patch ) cannot be done immediately, these security controls are not recommended by any industry standards, such as CIS and DISA-STIG.
2026-05-22 17:21 UTC -
web:gemini.google.com
Meet Gemini, Google's AI assistant. Get help with writing, planning, brainstorming, and more. Experience the power of generative AI.
2026-05-22 17:21 UTC -
web:securityboulevard.com
Cybersecurity vulnerabilities pose significant risks to organizations in today's digital landscape. Left unaddressed, these vulnerabilities can lead to data breaches, financial losses, and reputational damage. Organizations must decide how to tackle vulnerabilities—through remediation , mitigation , or a combination of both. But which strategy is more effective? This blog explores the ...
2026-05-22 17:21 UTC -
web:www.bugcrowd.com
Vulnerability mitigation is typically considered a temporary or interim solution. While mitigation measures can reduce the immediate risk associated with vulnerabilities, they may not provide a permanent fix . Organizations should aim to prioritize and plan for complete vulnerability remediation whenever feasible and allocate resources accordingly.
2026-05-22 17:21 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft's March 2026 Patch Tuesday addresses 82 CVEs , featuring eight Critical vulnerabilities.
2026-05-22 17:21 UTC -
web:www.secure.com
Learn the difference between vulnerability remediation and mitigation , and how a risk-based strategy can strengthen your security posture.
2026-05-22 17:21 UTC -
web:zerodaysignal.com
Recommended Actions 1.Inventory affected systems running vm2< 3.11.0 2.Review patch availability from patriksimek 3.Implement temporary mitigations if patches unavailable 4.Update incident response procedures 🔔 Get Alerted on patriksimek CVEs
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:www.windowslatest.com
Windows 11 April 2026 update adds Narrator Copilot support, faster Settings, File Explorer fixes, and key security improvements.
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:www.computerworld.com
Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:www.msn.com
Microsoft suggests the threat is being used in phishing attacks against vulnerable systems since successful exploitation requires local access to the PC.
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday lands with a heavy enterprise focus, fixing 120 vulnerabilities across Windows, Office, Azure, developer tools, and Microsoft 365 apps, including 29 remote code execution (RCE) flaws rated Critical.
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:integsec.com
CVE‑2026‑43997 was disclosed on May 13, 2026 , through the National Vulnerability Database and is tracked against the open‑source vm2 library, a virtual‑machine sandbox used to run untrusted JavaScript inside Node.js applications. The vulnerability allows attackers to obtain the host object and escape the sandbox, enabling remote code execution on the server hosting the Node.js process.
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:nvd.nist.gov
An official website of the United States government Here's how you know
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-22 04:24 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-43999.json.
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