CVE-2026-28091

Description

Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Coleo coleo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Coleo: from n/a through <= 1.1.7.

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): Patchstack
CVSS severity: HIGH
CVSS score: 8.1 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Effective score: 8.1 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
CWE(s): CWE-98
Reserved: 2026-02-25
Published: 2026-03-05 06:54 UTC
Last updated: 2026-04-28 19:42 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/28xxx/CVE-2026-28091.json
Linked Threat: CVE-2026-28091 — Coleo <= 1.1.7 - Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2026-03-05 06:16:43 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-04-22 21:27:27 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 8.1 / 10 HIGH source: 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore: 2.2 / 10
Impact subscore: 5.9 / 10
EPSS score: 0.0017 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile: 38.08% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-05-25

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2026-9746
Assigner: Patchstack
Published: Mar 5, 2026, 5:54:23 AM
Updated: Apr 28, 2026, 5:42:30 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1): 8.1 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
EUVD-reported EPSS: 0.1700
Vendors: themerex
Products: Coleo (n/a ≤≤ 1.1.7)

Coleo (0 ≤1.1.7)
Aliases: GHSA-mcch-g2jr-64jp

ENISA description: Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in ThemeREX Coleo coleo allows PHP Local File Inclusion.This issue affects Coleo: from n/a through <= 1.1.7.

EUVD references (1)

https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/coleo/vulnerability/wordpress-coleo-theme-1-1-7-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve

Affected products (1)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
ThemeREX	Coleo	`0` (affected)	—

Vendor references (1)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/coleo/vulnerability/wordpress-coleo-theme-1-1-7-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve vdb-entry

MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org

Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.

https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/coleo/vulnerability/wordpress-coleo-theme-1-1-7-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve vdb-entry

Web references (0)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

No web references attached yet.

NVD-tagged references (1)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://patchstack.com/database/Wordpress/Theme/coleo/vulnerability/wordpress-coleo-theme-1-1-7-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve audit@patchstack.com

Indicators (2)

IOCs linked to the auto-promoted Threat row.

Type	Value	VirusTotal	Attached
domain	`inclusion.this`	no local data	2026-05-18 21:18 UTC
cve	`CVE-2026-28091`	no local data	2026-06-06 13:02 UTC

Remediations (16)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

Wordfence remediation: Coleo

Wordfence

No known patch available. Please review the vulnerability's details in depth and employ mitigations based on your organization's risk tolerance. It may be best to uninstall the affected software and find a replacement.

2026-06-06 13:02 UTC
CISA Adds Two Exploited Microsoft Defender Zero-Days to KEV

web:dailysecurityreview.com

CISA added both to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on May 20, 2026 , triggering mandatory remediation timelines for U.S. federal civilian agencies. CVE - 2026 -41091: Defender Malware Protection Engine as a Privilege Escalation Vector CVE - 2026 -41091 affects Microsoft Malware Protection Engine version 1.1.26030.3008 and earlier.

2026-05-22 16:24 UTC
CVE-2026-41091 (CVSS 7.8) Microsoft Defender CV… | PurpleOps

web:purple-ops.io

Remediation for CVE - 2026 -41091 and CVE - 2026 -45498 involves updating the Microsoft Malware Protection Engine and the Microsoft Defender Antimalware Platform to the patched versions.

2026-05-22 16:24 UTC
CISA Warns of Exploited Microsoft Defender 0-Day Flaws

web:cyberpress.org

The U.S. Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) has added two actively exploited Microsoft Defender vulnerabilities to its Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV) catalog, issuing an urgent remediation directive for federal agencies with a due date of June 3, 2026 .

2026-05-22 16:24 UTC
Microsoft Issues Massive Windows Patch for 160+ Bugs ... - TechRepublic

web:www.techrepublic.com

Microsoft's April 2026 Patch Tuesday fixes 165 vulnerabilities, including two zero-days, in one of the company's largest monthly security updates.

2026-05-22 16:24 UTC
Nvd - Cve-2026-41091

web:nvd.nist.gov

An official website of the United States government NVD MENU

2026-05-22 16:24 UTC
Microsoft warns of new Defender zero-days exploited in attacks

web:www.bleepingcomputer.com

On Wednesday, Microsoft started rolling out security patches for two Defender vulnerabilities that have been exploited in zero-day attacks.

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
2 New Microsoft Defender Zero-Days Exploited—Patch Now ... - Forbes

web:www.forbes.com

Microsoft has confirmed an emergency security update as CISA warns that two new Defender zero-days are being exploited by attackers.

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - April 2026

web:www.oracle.com

This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
Patch Tuesday May 2026: Security Updates & CVE Analysis

web:zecurit.com

Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tuesday April 2026 Fixes 167 Bugs

web:thecyberexpress.com

Microsoft Patch Tuesday: Zero-Day Vulnerabilities in Focus A major focus of this Patch Tuesday April 2026 cycle is the remediation of two zero-day vulnerabilities. One of the most concerning issues is an actively exploited spoofing vulnerability in Microsoft SharePoint Server.

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tuesday May 2026 - 120 Vulnerabilities Fixed, Including ...

web:cybersecuritynews.com

Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday lands with a heavy enterprise focus, fixing 120 vulnerabilities across Windows, Office, Azure, developer tools, and Microsoft 365 apps, including 29 remote code execution (RCE) flaws rated Critical.

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
Patch Tuesday, May 2026 Edition - Krebs on Security

web:krebsonsecurity.com

Microsoft expects that exploitation is more likely. May's Patch Tuesday is a welcome respite from April, which saw Microsoft fix a near-record 167 security flaws.

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft

web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com

The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
Microsoft and Adobe Patch Tuesday, May 2026 Security Update Review

web:blog.qualys.com

May 2026's Patch Tuesday arrives with Microsoft addressing a fresh set of vulnerabilities across its ecosystem, reinforcing the ongoing need for timely patching in an increasingly threat-heavy…

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC
Microsoft Patches Two Actively Exploited Defender Zero-Days on Windows

web:windowsreport.com

Microsoft patched two actively exploited Defender zero-days affecting Windows systems and security components.

2026-05-22 03:23 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-28091.json.

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