CVE-2025-23988
📛 CVE Title
WordPress ghostwriter theme <= 1.4 - Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability
Description
Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Bruno Cavalcante Ghostwriter allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Ghostwriter: from n/a through 1.4.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- Patchstack
- CVSS severity
- HIGH
- CVSS score
- 7.1 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L- Effective score
- 7.1 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-79 - Reserved
- 2025-01-16
- Published
- 2025-05-19 18:03 UTC
- Last updated
- 2026-04-28 18:11 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/23xxx/CVE-2025-23988.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2025-23988 — Ghostwriter <= 1.4 - Reflected Cross-Site Scripting
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2025-05-19 16:15:27 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-06-17 08:57:50 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 7.1 / 10 HIGH source: audit@patchstack.com
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L- Exploitability subscore
- 2.8 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 3.7 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.0019 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 9.02% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-26
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-27 06:21 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2025-15722 - Assigner
- Patchstack
- Published
- May 19, 2025, 4:03:07 PM
- Updated
- Apr 28, 2026, 4:11:26 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
7.1 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 0.4400
- Vendors
- Bruno Cavalcante
- Products
-
Ghostwriter (0 ≤1.4)Ghostwriter (n/a ≤1.4)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-fhx6-jcrh-354h
ENISA description: Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Bruno Cavalcante Ghostwriter allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Ghostwriter: from n/a through 1.4.
Affected products (1)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bruno Cavalcante | Ghostwriter |
n/a (affected)
|
— |
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
MITRE references (1) cveawg.mitre.org
Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.
Web references (0)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
No web references attached yet.
NVD-tagged references (1)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
Indicators (2)
IOCs linked to the auto-promoted Threat row.
| Type | Value | VirusTotal | Attached |
|---|---|---|---|
| domain |
xss.this
|
no local data | 2026-05-18 21:19 UTC |
| cve |
CVE-2025-23988
|
no local data | 2026-06-06 13:59 UTC |
Remediations (19)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
Wordfence remediation: GhostwriterWordfence
No known patch available. Please review the vulnerability's details in depth and employ mitigations based on your organization's risk tolerance. It may be best to uninstall the affected software and find a replacement.
2026-06-06 13:59 UTC -
web:www.bleepingcomputer.com
Microsoft has released out-of-band (OOB) security updates to patch a critical-severity Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) vulnerability with publicly available proof-of-concept exploit code.
2026-05-22 12:33 UTC -
web:www.cisecurity.org
<p>Multiple vulnerabilities have been discovered in Microsoft products, the most severe of which could allow for remote code execution. Successful exploitation of the most severe of these vulnerabilities could result in an attacker gaining the same privileges as the logged-on user. Depending on the privileges associated with the user, an attacker could then install programs; view, change, or ...
2026-05-22 12:33 UTC -
web:support.apple.com
This document describes the security content of iOS 15.8.8 and iPadOS 15.8.8.
2026-05-22 12:33 UTC -
web:source.android.com
Android partners are encouraged to fix all issues in this bulletin and use the latest security patch level. Devices that use the 2025 -09-01 security patch level must include all issues associated with that security patch level, as well as fixes for all issues reported in previous security bulletins.
2026-05-22 12:33 UTC -
web:www.sentinelone.com
CVE - 2025 -48988 is a denial of service vulnerability in Apache Tomcat. Learn about its impact, affected versions, and mitigation methods.
2026-05-22 12:33 UTC -
web:www.teslarati.com
Tesla is going to fix the nearly 219,000 vehicles that it recalled due to an issue with the rearview camera with a simple software update, giving owners no need to travel to a service center to ...
2026-05-22 12:33 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-22 12:33 UTC -
web:robertsspaceindustries.com
Hi Everyone! Time again for another Hotfix Central thread to keep you all up to date on things going on outside of the normal patch cycle in SC Alpha 4.8 LIVE! This will be a living document of...
2026-05-22 12:33 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:windowsreport.com
Microsoft patched two actively exploited Defender zero-days affecting Windows systems and security components.
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday lands with a heavy enterprise focus, fixing 120 vulnerabilities across Windows, Office, Azure, developer tools, and Microsoft 365 apps, including 29 remote code execution (RCE) flaws rated Critical.
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:nvd.nist.gov
An official website of the United States government Here's how you know
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:security.samsungmobile.com
Vladyslav Kravchenko: SVE- 2025 -1863 刘晓峰: SVE- 2025 -2300 Andr.Ess: SVE- 2025 -2443 VIGNESH.K.G: SVE-2026-0025 localh0ster: SVE-2026-0102
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:support.microsoft.com
Applies To SQL Server 2025 on Windows (all editions), SQL Server 2025 on Linux (all editions) Summary Improvements and fixes included in this update How to obtain and install the update How to obtain or download the latest cumulative update package for Linux More information File information Information about protection and security Summary This security update contains fixes and resolves ...
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:blog.rsisecurity.com
Reduces financial exposure: Minimizes the risk of costly data breaches, penalties, and remediation expenses. In short, an effective Patch Management policy not only improves security, it drives business continuity and long-term confidence. 2025 Patch Management Best Practices (Based on NIST SP 800-40 Rev. 4)
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:www.bleepingcomputer.com
Microsoft says customers in restricted network environments may encounter Windows Update failures after installing the January 2026 optional non-security preview updates.
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:www.esri.com
Key highlights The ArcGIS Server Security 2025 update 2 is available This patch resolves 10 Medium severity vulnerabilities This security patch is cumulative, and includes fixes provided in the ArcGIS Server Security 2025 update 1.
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 374 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at October 2025 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-22 03:37 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
Only Available for Registered Users. Sign in to view.
Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-23988.json.
{
"containers": {
"adp": [
{
"metrics": [
{
"other": {
"content": {
"id": "CVE-2025-23988",
"options": [
{
"Exploitation": "none"
},
{
"Automatable": "no"
},
{
"Technical Impact": "partial"
}
],
"role": "CISA Coordinator",
"timestamp": "2025-05-19T17:33:19.694537Z",
"version": "2.0.3"
},
"type": "ssvc"
}
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-05-19T17:35:19.988Z",
"orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
"shortName": "CISA-ADP"
},
"title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
}
],
"cna": {
"affected": [
{
"collectionURL": "https://wordpress.org/themes",
"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"packageName": "ghostwriter",
"product": "Ghostwriter",
"vendor": "Bruno Cavalcante",
"versions": [
{
"lessThanOrEqual": "1.4",
"status": "affected",
"version": "n/a",
"versionType": "custom"
}
]
}
],
"credits": [
{
"lang": "en",
"type": "finder",
"user": "00000000-0000-4000-9000-000000000000",
"value": "justakazh (Patchstack Alliance)"
}
],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"supportingMedia": [
{
"base64": false,
"type": "text/html",
"value": "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Bruno Cavalcante Ghostwriter allows Reflected XSS.<p>This issue affects Ghostwriter: from n/a through 1.4.</p>"
}
],
"value": "Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting') vulnerability in Bruno Cavalcante Ghostwriter allows Reflected XSS.This issue affects Ghostwriter: from n/a through 1.4."
}
],
"impacts": [
{
"capecId": "CAPEC-591",
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "CAPEC-591 Reflected XSS"
}
]
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "LOW",
"baseScore": 7.1,
"baseSeverity": "HIGH",
"confidentialityImpact": "LOW",
"integrityImpact": "LOW",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "CHANGED",
"userInteraction": "REQUIRED",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:L",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS",
"scenarios": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "GENERAL"
}
]
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-79",
"description": "CWE-79 Improper Neutralization of Input During Web Page Generation ('Cross-site Scripting')",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-28T16:11:26.880Z",
"orgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
"shortName": "Patchstack"
},
"references": [
{
"tags": [
"vdb-entry"
],
"url": "https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/ghostwriter/vulnerability/wordpress-ghostwriter-theme-1-4-reflected-cross-site-scripting-xss-vulnerability?_s_id=cve"
}
],
"source": {
"discovery": "EXTERNAL"
},
"tags": [
"x_open-source"
],
"title": "WordPress ghostwriter theme <= 1.4 - Reflected Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability",
"x_generator": {
"engine": "Vulnogram 0.2.0"
}
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "21595511-bba5-4825-b968-b78d1f9984a3",
"assignerShortName": "Patchstack",
"cveId": "CVE-2025-23988",
"datePublished": "2025-05-19T16:03:07.415Z",
"dateReserved": "2025-01-16T11:33:22.828Z",
"dateUpdated": "2026-04-28T16:11:26.880Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.2"
}