CVE-2025-54912

CVEs › CVE-2025-54912

Description

Use after free in Windows BitLocker allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): microsoft
CVSS severity: HIGH
CVSS score: 7.8 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
Effective score: 7.8 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
MSRC score: 7.8 / 10 HIGH MS rating: Important · Elevation of Privilege
CWE(s): CWE-416
Reserved: 2025-07-31
Published: 2025-09-09 00:00 UTC
Last updated: 2025-09-09 00:00 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/54xxx/CVE-2025-54912.json
Linked Threat: CVE-2025-54912 — Windows BitLocker Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2025-09-09 17:16:03 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-06-17 09:40:55 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 7.8 / 10 HIGH source: secure@microsoft.com
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore: 1.8 / 10
Impact subscore: 5.9 / 10
EPSS score: 0.0047 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile: 38.26% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-08-06

NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-08-06 23:04 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2025-27299
Assigner: microsoft
Published: Sep 9, 2025, 5:01:29 PM
Updated: Feb 20, 2026, 4:01:02 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1): 7.8 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
EUVD-reported EPSS: 0.1100
Vendors: Microsoft
Products: Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7792)

Windows 11 version 22H3 (10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.5909)

Windows 11 Version 24H2 (10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.6584)

Windows 10 Version 1607 (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8422)

Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.27929)

Windows 10 Version 21H2 (10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.6332)

Windows Server 2025 (10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.6584)

Windows Server 2019 (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7792)

Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) (10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.6584)

Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation) (6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22774)

Windows 10 Version 1507 (10.0.10240.0 <10.0.10240.21128)

Windows Server 2022 (10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.4171)

Windows 11 Version 23H2 (10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.5909)

Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) (10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.1849)

Windows Server 2012 (6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25675)

Windows 11 version 22H2 (10.0.22621.0 <10.0.22621.5909)

Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation) (6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25675)

Windows 10 Version 22H2 (10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.6332)

Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8422)

Windows Server 2012 R2 (6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22774)

Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation) (6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.27929)

Windows 10 Version 1809 (10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7792)

Windows Server 2016 (10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8422)
Aliases: GHSA-hcjw-c4hp-mvwf

ENISA description: Use after free in Windows BitLocker allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

EUVD references (1)

https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-54912

Microsoft Security Response Center MSRC

Microsoft's vendor-authoritative record from the Security Update Guide — its own CVSS score, impact, severity rating, exploit assessment, and KB-article fixes. Refreshed 2026-09-24 03:03 UTC (source: CVRF).

MS severity: Important
Impact: Elevation of Privilege
MS CVSS base score: 7.8 / 10 (temporal 6.8)
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:U/RL:O/RC:C
Exploit assessment: Publicly Disclosed:No;Exploited:No;Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Release: 2025-Sep

Microsoft remediations / KB articles (28)

5065428 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.17763.7792)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065428 — None Available / 5065428
5065432 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.20348.4171)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065432 — None Available / 5065432
5065306 — Vendor Fix / Security Hotpatch Update (fixed build 10.0.20348.4106)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065306 — None Available / 5065306
5065429 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.19044.6332)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065429 — None Available / 5065429
5065431 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.22621.5909)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065431 — None Available / 5065431
5065426 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.26100.6584)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065426 — None Available / 5065426
5065474 — Vendor Fix / SecurityHotpatchUpdate (fixed build 10.0.26100.6508)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065474 — None Available / 5065474
5065425 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.25398.1849)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065425 — None Available / 5065425
5065430 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.10240.21128)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065430 — None Available / 5065430
5065427 — Vendor Fix / Security Update (fixed build 10.0.14393.8422)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065427 — None Available / 5065427
5065468 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.1.7601.27929)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065468 — None Available / 5065468
5065510 — Vendor Fix / Security Only (fixed build 6.1.7601.27929)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065510 — None Available / 5065510
5065509 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.2.9200.25675)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065509 — None Available / 5065509
5065507 — Vendor Fix / Monthly Rollup (fixed build 6.3.9600.22774)
https://support.microsoft.com/help/5065507 — None Available / 5065507

Affected products (23)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
Microsoft	Windows 10 Version 1507	`10.0.10240.0` (affected)	32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows 10 Version 1607	`10.0.14393.0` (affected)	32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows 10 Version 1809	`10.0.17763.0` (affected)	32-bit Systems, x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows 10 Version 21H2	`10.0.19044.0` (affected)	32-bit Systems, ARM64-based Systems, x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows 10 Version 22H2	`10.0.19045.0` (affected)	32-bit Systems, ARM64-based Systems, x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows 11 version 22H2	`10.0.22621.0` (affected)	ARM64-based Systems, x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows 11 version 22H3	`10.0.22631.0` (affected)	ARM64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows 11 Version 23H2	`10.0.22631.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows 11 Version 24H2	`10.0.26100.0` (affected)	ARM64-based Systems, x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1	`6.1.7601.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)	`6.1.7601.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2012	`6.2.9200.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)	`6.2.9200.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2012 R2	`6.3.9600.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)	`6.3.9600.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2016	`10.0.14393.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)	`10.0.14393.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2019	`10.0.17763.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)	`10.0.17763.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2022	`10.0.20348.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)	`10.0.25398.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2025	`10.0.26100.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems
Microsoft	Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)	`10.0.26100.0` (affected)	x64-based Systems

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (19) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1507:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1607:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_1809:*:*:*:*:*:*:x86:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_21h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_10_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_22h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_11_24h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2008:r2:sp1:*:*:*:*:x64:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2012:r2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2016:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2019:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2022_23h2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:microsoft:windows_server_2025:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Vendor references (1)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

Windows BitLocker Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability vendor-advisorypatch

Web references (29)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

NVD-tagged references (1)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-54912 secure@microsoft.com Vendor Advisory

Remediations (18)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

Microsoft Update Catalog

web:catalog.update.microsoft.com

Welcome to the Microsoft Update Catalog site. We want your feedback! Visit our newsgroup or send us an email to provide us with your thoughts and suggestions. To get started using the site, enter in your search terms in the Search box above or visit our FAQ for search tips. |Newsgroup|Send us your feedback

2026-09-24 08:27 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft

web:msrc.microsoft.com

The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) investigates all reports of security vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products and services, and provides the information here as part of the ongoing effort to help you manage security risks and help keep your systems protected.

2026-09-24 08:27 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

web:msrc.microsoft.com

Access Microsoft Security Response Center's guide to address vulnerabilities, manage security risks, and keep your systems protected with the latest updates.

2026-09-24 08:27 UTC
NVD - Home

web:nvd.nist.gov

NVD - Home ... NVD - Home

2026-09-24 08:27 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tracker (September 2026): Exploit-Ranked | Senserva

web:senserva.com

Every Microsoft security patch (KB) and the CVEs it fixes, with severity, CVSS, and CISA KEV status. Cross-linked to the CVE reference.

2026-09-24 08:27 UTC
August 11, 2026—Hotpatch KB5120994 (OS Builds 26200.9106 and 26100.9106 ...

web:support.microsoft.com

This Hotpatch update for Windows 11, version 25H2 and 24H2 (KB5120994) includes security improvements. To learn more about differences between security updates, optional non-security preview updates, out-of-band (OOB) updates, and continuous innovation, see Windows monthly updates explained. For information on Windows update terminology, see the different types of Windows software updates. To ...

2026-09-24 08:27 UTC
Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog - CISA

web:www.cisa.gov

For the benefit of the cybersecurity community and network defenders—and to help every organization better manage vulnerabilities and keep pace with threat activity—CISA maintains the authoritative source of vulnerabilities that have been exploited in the wild. Organizations should use the KEV catalog as an input to their vulnerability management prioritization framework. Learn more about ...

2026-09-24 08:27 UTC
Database CVE, CWE, CISA KEV & Vulnerability Intelligence | CVE Find

web:www.cvefind.com

CVE Find is a real-time vulnerability database indexing 396 905 security flaws ( CVE ) from MITRE, NVD, CISA KEV, CWE and CAPEC. 2999 new CVEs were published in the last 7 days. Data aggregated from: MITRE Corporation ( CVE , CWE, CAPEC), National Vulnerability Database - NIST (NVD), CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV), FIRST (EPSS).

2026-09-24 08:27 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft

web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com

The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
February's Patch Tuesday release fixes 59 flaws ... - Computerworld

web:www.computerworld.com

Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
Microsoft Rolls Out Mitigations for 'YellowKey' BitLocker ...

web:www.securityweek.com

Microsoft has announced mitigations for CVE -2026-45585, a BitLocker bypass triggered via FsTx in Windows Recovery.

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
Windows BitLocker flaw CVE-2025-54911 raises concerns for unpatched systems

web:cybersecsentinel.com

To mitigate: Install the September 2025 updates without delay. This closes both CVE - 2025 -54911 and its twin CVE-2025-54912 . Check patch compliance if you manage fleets of devices. Tools like WSUS, Intune, or vulnerability scanners should show these CVEs as resolved once updates are applied.

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
Microsoft Releases Mitigation for Windows BitLocker Security Bypass 0 ...

web:cybersecuritynews.com

No patch has been released yet; Microsoft has instead issued a multi-step manual mitigation guide while a formal security update is prepared. Windows BitLocker Security Bypass The vulnerability originates in WinRE's handling of the BootExecute registry value under HKLM\ControlSet001\Control\Session Manager.

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tuesday, September 2025 Edition - Krebs on Security

web:krebsonsecurity.com

Microsoft Corp. today issued security updates to fix more than 80 vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and software. There are no known "zero-day" or actively exploited ...

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
Microsoft's Latest 'Patch Tuesday' Update Fixes These ... - Lifehacker

web:lifehacker.com

Microsoft's Patch Tuesday update for December is here, and Windows users should ensure their machines are updated as soon as possible to fix three zero-day vulnerabilities.

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
Urgent Patch Required: CVE-2025-54912 BitLocker Kernel UAF Privilege ...

web:windowsforum.com

Microsoft's published Update Guide entry for CVE‑2025‑54912 classifies the issue as a BitLocker use‑after‑free with a local authorized attack vector and an elevation of privilege impact. The vendor's immediate remediation is a security update; administrators are advised to apply the patch to affected builds as soon as it is available.

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
Microsoft December 2025 Patch Tuesday fixes 3 zero-days, 57 flaws

web:www.bleepingcomputer.com

Microsoft's December 2025 Patch Tuesday fixes 57 flaws, including one actively exploited and two publicly disclosed zero-day vulnerabilities.

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC
Microsoft December 2025 Security Updates | Windows 11 Forum

web:www.elevenforum.com

Microsoft December 2025 Security Updates This release consists of the following 57 Microsoft CVEs : Tag CVE Base Score CVSS Vector Exploitability FAQs? Workarounds? Mitigations ? Windows PowerShell CVE - 2025 -54100 Windows Projected File System CVE - 2025 -55233 Windows Storage VSP Driver...

2026-05-22 14:34 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-54912.json.

{
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                  },
                  {
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                  }
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                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-09-09T17:27:29.400114Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
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          "product": "Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1",
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          "versions": [
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          "vendor": "Microsoft",
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          "product": "Windows Server 2016",
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