CVE-2023-25610
📛 CVE Title
CVE-2023-25610
Description
A buffer underwrite ('buffer underflow') vulnerability in the administrative interface of Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, version 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, version 6.4.0 through 6.4.11 and version 6.2.12 and below, FortiProxy version 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, version 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, version 2.0.12 and below and FortiOS-6K7K version 7.0.5, version 6.4.0 through 6.4.10 and version 6.2.0 through 6.2.10 and below allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests.
Overview
- State
- PUBLISHED
- Assigner (CNA)
- fortinet
- CVSS severity
- CRITICAL
- CVSS score
- 9.3 / 10
- CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:U/RC:C- Effective score
- 9.3 / 10 CRITICAL source: CNA overview
- CWE(s)
-
CWE-124 - Reserved
- 2023-02-08
- Published
- 2025-03-24 16:39 UTC
- Last updated
- 2025-03-24 19:42 UTC
- Source
- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2023/25xxx/CVE-2023-25610.json
- Linked Threat
- CVE-2023-25610 — CVE-2023-25610
NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0
Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.
- NVD published
- 2025-03-24 16:15:17 UTC
- NVD last modified
- 2026-06-17 05:41:36 UTC
- NVD CVSS v3.1
- 9.8 / 10 CRITICAL source: psirt@fortinet.com
- NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H- Exploitability subscore
- 3.9 / 10
- Impact subscore
- 5.9 / 10
- EPSS score
- 0.1731 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
- EPSS percentile
- 96.79% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-27
NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-27 19:15 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.
European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD
ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.
- EUVD ID
-
EUVD-2023-29551 - Assigner
- fortinet
- Published
- Mar 24, 2025, 3:39:48 PM
- Updated
- Mar 24, 2025, 6:42:44 PM
- EUVD base score (CVSS 3.1)
-
9.3 / 10
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:U/RC:C - EUVD-reported EPSS
- 17.2400
- Vendors
- Fortinet
- Products
-
FortiOS (6.0.0 ≤6.0.18)FortiOS (5.2.0 ≤5.2.15)FortiOS-6K7K (7.0.5)FortiOS (6.4.0 ≤6.4.11)FortiProxy (7.0.0 ≤7.0.8)FortiProxy (2.0.0 ≤2.0.14)FortiOS-6K7K (6.0.12 ≤6.0.18)FortiAnalyzer (6.0.0 ≤6.0.11)FortiOS (5.0.0 ≤5.0.14)FortiManager (6.0.0 ≤6.0.11)FortiWeb (6.2.0 ≤6.2.7)FortiAnalyzer (7.0.0 ≤7.0.4)FortiAnalyzer (6.4.0 ≤6.4.11)FortiWeb (6.4.0 ≤6.4.2)FortiOS-6K7K (6.4.10)FortiOS-6K7K (6.2.6 ≤6.2.7)FortiProxy (1.2.0 ≤1.2.13)FortiWeb (7.2.0 ≤7.2.1)FortiManager (7.0.0 ≤7.0.4)FortiManager (6.4.0 ≤6.4.11)FortiWeb (6.1.0 ≤6.1.3)FortiOS-6K7K (6.4.8)FortiOS (5.4.0 ≤5.4.13)FortiWeb (7.0.0 ≤7.0.6)FortiProxy (7.2.0 ≤7.2.2)FortiManager (7.2.0)FortiOS-6K7K (6.4.6)FortiManager (6.2.0 ≤6.2.10)FortiWeb (6.3.0 ≤6.3.22)FortiOS (6.2.0 ≤6.2.12)FortiOS-6K7K (6.0.10)FortiOS-6K7K (6.2.9 ≤6.2.12)FortiOS-6K7K (6.2.4)FortiSwitchManager (7.2.0 ≤7.2.1)FortiOS (7.2.0 ≤7.2.3)FortiAnalyzer (7.2.0)FortiProxy (1.1.0 ≤1.1.6)FortiAnalyzer (6.2.0 ≤6.2.10)FortiOS (7.0.0 ≤7.0.9)FortiOS (5.6.0 ≤5.6.14)FortiOS-6K7K (6.4.2)FortiSwitchManager (7.0.0 ≤7.0.1)
- Aliases
-
GHSA-wvpr-v2qr-ccvf
ENISA description: A buffer underwrite ('buffer underflow') vulnerability in the administrative interface of Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, version 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, version 6.4.0 through 6.4.11 and version 6.2.12 and below, FortiProxy version 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, version 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, version 2.0.12 and below and FortiOS-6K7K version 7.0.5, version 6.4.0 through 6.4.10 and version 6.2.0 through 6.2.10 and below allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests.
EUVD references (1)
Affected products (7)
| Vendor | Product | Versions | Platforms |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fortinet | FortiSwitchManager |
7.2.0 (affected),
7.0.0 (affected)
|
— |
| Fortinet | FortiAnalyzer |
7.2.0 (affected),
7.0.0 (affected),
6.4.0 (affected),
6.2.0 (affected),
6.0.0 (affected)
|
— |
| Fortinet | FortiOS-6K7K |
7.0.5 (affected),
6.4.10 (affected),
6.4.8 (affected),
6.4.6 (affected),
6.4.2 (affected),
6.2.9 (affected),
6.2.6 (affected),
6.2.4 (affected),
6.0.12 (affected),
6.0.10 (affected)
|
— |
| Fortinet | FortiProxy |
7.2.0 (affected),
7.0.0 (affected),
2.0.0 (affected),
1.2.0 (affected),
1.1.0 (affected)
|
— |
| Fortinet | FortiOS |
7.2.0 (affected),
7.0.0 (affected),
6.4.0 (affected),
6.2.0 (affected),
6.0.0 (affected),
5.6.0 (affected),
5.4.0 (affected),
5.2.0 (affected),
5.0.0 (affected)
|
— |
| Fortinet | FortiManager |
7.2.0 (affected),
7.0.0 (affected),
6.4.0 (affected),
6.2.0 (affected),
6.0.0 (affected)
|
— |
| Fortinet | FortiWeb |
7.2.0 (affected),
7.0.0 (affected),
6.4.0 (affected),
6.3.0 (affected),
6.2.0 (affected),
6.1.0 (affected)
|
— |
Affected products — CPE 2.3 (11) NVD
NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.
cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiweb:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiswitchmanager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortiswitch:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortiproxy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortios-6k7k:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortios-6k7k:7.0.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:o:fortinet:fortios:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimanager:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortimanager:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortianalyzer:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*cpe:2.3:a:fortinet:fortianalyzer:7.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
Vendor references (1)
References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.
Web references (5)
DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.
- http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/124.html rapid7:cwe.mitre.org
- https://attackerkb.com/topics/CVE-2023-25610 rapid7:attackerkb.com
- https://euvd.enisa.europa.eu/vulnerability/EUVD-2023-29551 rapid7:euvd.enisa.europa.eu
- https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-001 rapid7:fortiguard.com
- https://www.cve.org/CVERecord?id=CVE-2023-25610 rapid7:www.cve.org
NVD-tagged references (1)
Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.
- https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-001 psirt@fortinet.com Vendor Advisory
Remediations (17)
Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.
-
web:www.oracle.com
Critical Security Patch Updates Critical Security Patch Updates provide security patches for supported Oracle on-premises products. A Critical Security Patch Update provides targeted, high-priority security fixes in a smaller, more focused format, making them easier to apply with minimal disruption.
2026-06-08 00:42 UTC -
web:attack.mitre.org
This mitigation can be implemented through the following measures: Regular Operating System Updates Implementation: Apply the latest Windows security updates monthly using WSUS (Windows Server Update Services) or a similar patch management solution. Configure systems to check for updates automatically and schedule reboots during maintenance ...
2026-06-08 00:42 UTC -
web:www.rapid7.com
Microsoft has published 172 new vulnerabilities, including six zero-day vulnerabilities. Windows 10 moves past the end of support, sort of. Critical RCE in Windows Server Update Service.
2026-06-08 00:42 UTC -
web:gemini.google.com
Get assistance with writing, planning, learning, and more from Google AI.
2026-06-08 00:42 UTC -
web:blog.qualys.com
Key Takeaways RedSun is a critical zero-day vulnerability in Microsoft Defender that allows low-privileged users to gain SYSTEM access No patch is currently available, leaving all Defender-enabled Windows systems potentially exposed Qualys VMDR detects affected assets instantly (QID 92382) TruRisk™ Eliminate enables immediate mitigation , removing exploitability without waiting for a fix ...
2026-06-08 00:42 UTC -
web:www.crowdstrike.com
Microsoft has released security updates for 172 vulnerabilities, including 2 publicly disclosed, 3 zero-days, and 8 critical, in its October 2025 Patch Tuesday rollout.
2026-06-08 00:42 UTC -
web:access.redhat.com
Learn about our open source products, services, and company. You are here
2026-06-08 00:42 UTC -
web:www.secure.com
Learn the difference between vulnerability remediation and mitigation , and how a risk-based strategy can strengthen your security posture.
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:www.securityweek.com
Microsoft has announced mitigations for CVE -2026-45585, a BitLocker bypass triggered via FsTx in Windows Recovery.
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:www.tenable.com
Key takeaways: Microsoft's 2025 Patch Tuesday releases addressed 1,130 CVEs . This is the second year in a row where the CVE count was over 1,000. Elevation of Privilege vulnerabilities accounted for 38.3% of all Patch Tuesday vulnerabilities in 2025, followed by Remote Code Execution flaws at 30.8%. 41 zero-day vulnerabilities were addressed across all Patch Tuesday releases in 2025, including ...
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:zecurit.com
Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:cybersecuritynews.com
No patch has been released yet; Microsoft has instead issued a multi-step manual mitigation guide while a formal security update is prepared. Windows BitLocker Security Bypass The vulnerability originates in WinRE's handling of the BootExecute registry value under HKLM\ControlSet001\Control\Session Manager.
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:krebsonsecurity.com
October's Patch Tuesday also marks the final month that Microsoft will ship security updates for Windows 10 systems.
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com
The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:thehackernews.com
Fortinet has released fixes to address 15 security flaws, including one critical vulnerability impacting FortiOS and FortiProxy that could enable a threat actor to take control of affected systems. The issue, tracked as CVE-2023-25610 , is rated 9.3 out of 10 for severity and was internally discovered and reported by its security teams.
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:www.bleepingcomputer.com
Today is Microsoft's March 2025 Patch Tuesday, which includes security updates for 57 flaws, including six actively exploited zero-day vulnerabilities.
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC -
web:www.oracle.com
This Critical Patch Update contains 481 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at April 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.
2026-05-22 06:02 UTC
AI Forensic Analysis
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Raw JSON
The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2023-25610.json.
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FortiOS",
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FortiManager",
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"versions": [
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{
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{
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"defaultStatus": "unaffected",
"product": "FortiWeb",
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"lessThanOrEqual": "7.2.1",
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],
"descriptions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "A buffer underwrite ('buffer underflow') vulnerability in the administrative interface of Fortinet FortiOS version 7.2.0 through 7.2.3, version 7.0.0 through 7.0.6, version 6.4.0 through 6.4.11 and version 6.2.12 and below, FortiProxy version 7.2.0 through 7.2.2, version 7.0.0 through 7.0.8, version 2.0.12 and below and FortiOS-6K7K version 7.0.5, version 6.4.0 through 6.4.10 and version 6.2.0 through 6.2.10 and below allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute arbitrary code or commands via specifically crafted requests."
}
],
"metrics": [
{
"cvssV3_1": {
"attackComplexity": "LOW",
"attackVector": "NETWORK",
"availabilityImpact": "HIGH",
"baseScore": 9.3,
"baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
"confidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
"integrityImpact": "HIGH",
"privilegesRequired": "NONE",
"scope": "UNCHANGED",
"userInteraction": "NONE",
"vectorString": "CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H/E:P/RL:U/RC:C",
"version": "3.1"
},
"format": "CVSS"
}
],
"problemTypes": [
{
"descriptions": [
{
"cweId": "CWE-124",
"description": "Execute unauthorized code or commands",
"lang": "en",
"type": "CWE"
}
]
}
],
"providerMetadata": {
"dateUpdated": "2025-03-24T15:39:48.167Z",
"orgId": "6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8",
"shortName": "fortinet"
},
"references": [
{
"name": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-001",
"url": "https://fortiguard.com/psirt/FG-IR-23-001"
}
],
"solutions": [
{
"lang": "en",
"value": "Please upgrade to FortiOS version 7.4.0 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiOS version 7.2.4 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiOS version 7.0.10 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiOS version 6.4.12 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiOS version 6.2.13 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiWeb version 7.2.2 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiWeb version 7.0.7 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiWeb version 6.4.3 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiWeb version 6.3.23 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiWeb version 6.2.8 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiWeb version 6.1.4 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to upcoming FortiOS version 6.0.17 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiSwitchManager version 7.2.2 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiSwitchManager version 7.0.2 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiProxy version 7.2.3 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiProxy version 7.0.9 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 7.2.1 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 7.0.5 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 6.4.12 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 6.2.11 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiManager version 6.0.12 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiOS-6K7K version 7.0.10 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiOS-6K7K version 6.4.12 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiOS-6K7K version 6.2.13 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 7.2.1 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 7.0.5 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 6.4.12 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 6.2.11 or above\r\nPlease upgrade to FortiAnalyzer version 6.0.12 or above\r\n\r\n\r\n## Workaround for FortiOS:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDisable HTTP/HTTPS administrative interface\r\n\r\nOR\r\n\r\nLimit IP addresses that can reach the administrative interface:\r\n\r\n\r\n```\r\nconfig firewall address\r\nedit my_allowed_addresses\r\nset subnet Y IP MY SUBNET\r\nend\r\n```\r\n\r\nThen create an Address Group:\r\n\r\n\r\n```\r\nconfig firewall addrgrp\r\nedit MGMT_IPs\r\nset member my_allowed_addresses\r\nend\r\n```\r\n\r\nCreate the Local in Policy to restrict access only to the predefined group on management interface (here: port1):\r\n\r\n\r\n```\r\nconfig firewall local-in-policy\r\nedit 1\r\nset intf port1\r\nset srcaddr MGMT_IPs\r\nset dstaddr all\r\nset action accept\r\nset service HTTPS HTTP\r\nset schedule always\r\nset status enable\r\nnext\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nedit 2\r\nset intf any\r\nset srcaddr all\r\nset dstaddr all\r\nset action deny\r\nset service HTTPS HTTP\r\nset schedule always\r\nset status enable\r\nend\r\n```\r\n\r\n\r\nIf using non default ports, create appropriate service object for GUI administrative access:\r\n\r\n```\r\nconfig firewall service custom\r\nedit GUI_HTTPS\r\nset tcp-portrange admin-sport\r\nnext\r\nedit GUI_HTTP\r\nset tcp-portrange admin-port\r\nend\r\n```\r\n\r\n\r\nUse these objects instead of \"HTTPS HTTP\" in the local-in policy 1 and 2 below.\r\n\r\n\r\nWhen using an HA reserved management interface, the local in policy needs to be configured slightly differently - please see: \r\n\r\nhttps://community.fortinet.com/t5/FortiGate/Technical-Tip-How-to-configure-a-local-in-policy-on-a-HA/ta-p/222005\r\n\r\nPlease contact customer support for assistance.\r\n\r\n\r\n## Workaround for FortiManager and FortiAnalyzer:\r\n\r\n\r\nLimit IP addresses that can reach the administrative interface\r\n\r\n\r\n## Workaround for FortiWeb:\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nDisable HTTP/HTTPS administrative interface\r\n\r\nOR\r\n\r\nLimit IP addresses that can reach the administrative interface"
}
]
}
},
"cveMetadata": {
"assignerOrgId": "6abe59d8-c742-4dff-8ce8-9b0ca1073da8",
"assignerShortName": "fortinet",
"cveId": "CVE-2023-25610",
"datePublished": "2025-03-24T15:39:48.167Z",
"dateReserved": "2023-02-08T13:42:03.367Z",
"dateUpdated": "2025-03-24T18:42:44.673Z",
"state": "PUBLISHED"
},
"dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
"dataVersion": "5.1"
}