CVE-2025-54782

CVEs › CVE-2025-54782

Description

Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1.

Overview

State: PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA): GitHub_M
CVSS severity: CRITICAL
CVSS score: 9.4 / 10
CVSS vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
Effective score: 9.4 / 10 CRITICAL source: CNA overview
CWE(s): CWE-77, CWE-78, CWE-352
Reserved: 2025-07-29
Published: 2025-08-02 01:36 UTC
Last updated: 2025-08-04 17:23 UTC
Source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2025/54xxx/CVE-2025-54782.json
Linked Threat: CVE-2025-54782 — @nestjs/devtools-integration's CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published: 2025-08-02 00:15:25 UTC
NVD last modified: 2026-06-17 09:40:41 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1: 8.8 / 10 HIGH source: nvd@nist.gov
NVD CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Exploitability subscore: 2.8 / 10
Impact subscore: 5.9 / 10
EPSS score: 0.4392 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile: 98.62% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-07-27

NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-07-27 15:36 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID: EUVD-2025-23413
Assigner: GitHub_M
Published: Aug 1, 2025, 11:36:58 PM
Updated: Aug 4, 2025, 3:23:30 PM
EUVD base score (CVSS 4.0): 9.4 / 10
CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H
EUVD-reported EPSS: 35.0800
Vendors: nestjs
Products: nest (< 0.2.1)
Aliases: GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7

ENISA description: Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1.

EUVD references (5)

Affected products (1)

Vendor	Product	Versions	Platforms
nestjs	nest	`< 0.2.1` (affected)	—

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (1) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

cpe:2.3:a:nestjs:devtools-integration:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

Vendor references (5)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7 x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration x_refsource_MISC
https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html x_refsource_MISC
https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln x_refsource_MISC

MITRE references (5) cveawg.mitre.org

Pulled from MITRE's CVE Services API by the 🛰 Backfill from MITRE button.

https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7 x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html x_refsource_MISC
https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln x_refsource_MISC

Web references (0)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

No web references attached yet.

NVD-tagged references (6)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc security-advisories@github.com Exploit
https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration security-advisories@github.com Product
https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7 security-advisories@github.com ExploitVendor Advisory
https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7 134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0 ExploitVendor Advisory
https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html security-advisories@github.com Product
https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln security-advisories@github.com ExploitThird Party Advisory

Indicators (2)

IOCs linked to the auto-promoted Threat row.

Type	Value	VirusTotal	Attached
domain	`node.js`	no local data	2026-05-18 21:19 UTC
domain	`vm.runinnewcontext`	no local data	2026-05-18 21:19 UTC

Remediations (26)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

Nvd-cve-2025-54918

web:nvd.nist.gov

NVD enrichment efforts reference publicly available information to associate vector strings. CVSS information contributed by other sources is also displayed.

2026-09-24 05:26 UTC
Patch Smarter, Not Harder - CISA

web:www.cisa.gov

The median time for full resolution rose to 43 days. Defenders need greater clarity and speed to patch systems in today's threat landscape. We must flip the script on patching prioritization: patch smarter, not harder.

2026-09-24 05:26 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tracker (September 2026): Exploit-Ranked | Senserva

web:senserva.com

Every Microsoft security patch (KB) and the CVEs it fixes, with severity, CVSS, and CISA KEV status. Cross-linked to the CVE reference.

2026-09-24 05:26 UTC
March 13, 2026—Hotpatch KB5084597 (OS Builds 26200.7982 and 26100.7982 ...

web:support.microsoft.com

This update for Windows 11, version 25H2 and 24H2 (KB5084597) incudes security improvements. To learn more about differences between security updates, optional non-security preview updates, out-of-band (OOB) updates, and continuous innovation, see Windows monthly updates explained. For information on Windows update terminology, see the different types of Windows software updates. To view the ...

2026-09-24 05:26 UTC
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - July 2026

web:www.oracle.com

This Critical Patch Update contains 1448 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that a My Oracle Support (MOS) note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at July 2026 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

2026-09-24 05:26 UTC
Database CVE, CWE, CISA KEV & Vulnerability Intelligence | CVE Find

web:www.cvefind.com

CVE Find is a real-time vulnerability database indexing 396 894 security flaws ( CVE ) from MITRE, NVD, CISA KEV, CWE and CAPEC. 3009 new CVEs were published in the last 7 days. Data aggregated from: MITRE Corporation ( CVE , CWE, CAPEC), National Vulnerability Database - NIST (NVD), CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities (KEV), FIRST (EPSS).

2026-09-24 05:26 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft

web:msrc.microsoft.com

The Microsoft Security Response Center (MSRC) investigates all reports of security vulnerabilities affecting Microsoft products and services, and provides the information here as part of the ongoing effort to help you manage security risks and help keep your systems protected.

2026-09-24 05:26 UTC
Patch Tuesday May 2026: Security Updates & CVE Analysis

web:zecurit.com

Get the complete breakdown of Microsoft's May 2026 Patch Tuesday. We analyze the latest security updates and all critical CVEs .

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tuesday for August 2025 — Snort rules and prominent ...

web:blog.talosintelligence.com

Microsoft has released its monthly security update for August 2025 , which includes 111 vulnerabilities affecting a range of products, including 13 that Microsoft marked as "critical".

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
Microsoft Releases Guidance on High-Severity Vulnerability (CVE-2025 ...

web:cisa.gov

Update (08/12/ 2025 ): CISA has updated this alert to provide clarification on identifying Exchange Servers on an organization's networks and provided further guidance on running the Microsoft Exchange Health Checker. Update (08/07/ 2025 ): CISA issued Emergency Directive (ED) 25-02: Mitigate Microsoft Exchange Vulnerability in response to CVE - 2025 -53786

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tuesday August 2025: 107 Vulnerabilities ... - GBHackers

web:gbhackers.com

Microsoft has rolled out its August 2025 Patch Tuesday fixes, addressing a total of 107 vulnerabilities across its ecosystem.

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
CVE-2025-54782 - vulmon.com

web:vulmon.com

CVE-2025-54782 : Critical Bug in NestJS DevTools 🚨 Critical Security Issue - CVSS Score: 94/10 Discovery A critical security vulnerability was discovered in NestJS DevTools that allows attackers to execute arbitrary code on developers' machines through malicious websites This represents a significant security risk as it can lead to complete ...

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
CVE-2025-54782 : Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js ...

web:www.cvedetails.com

CVE-2025-54782 : Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulner

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
Microsoft Confirms Active 0-Day Exploit—Check Emergency Mitigation

web:www.forbes.com

Microsoft Exchange users are urged to mitigate a zero-day vulnerability that CISA has confirmed is under active exploitation.

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
Vulnerability Remediation vs. Mitigation: What are the Differences ...

web:www.secure.com

Learn the difference between vulnerability remediation and mitigation , and how a risk-based strategy can strengthen your security posture.

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
CVE-2025-54782: Nestjs Devtools-integration RCE Vulnerability

web:www.sentinelone.com

CVE-2025-54782 is a remote code execution vulnerability in Nestjs Devtools-integration. Learn about its impact, affected versions, and mitigation methods.

2026-05-22 14:33 UTC
Microsoft and Adobe Patch Tuesday, September 2025 Security Update ...

web:blog.qualys.com

EVALUATE Vendor-Suggested Mitigation with Policy Audit With Qualys Policy Audit's Out-of-the-Box Mitigation or Compensatory Controls, reduce the risk of a vulnerability being exploited because the remediation ( fix / patch ) cannot be done now; these security controls are not recommended by any industry standards, such as CIS, DISA-STIG.

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
Microsoft Patch Tuesday, September 2025 Edition - Krebs on Security

web:krebsonsecurity.com

Microsoft Corp. today issued security updates to fix more than 80 vulnerabilities in its Windows operating systems and software. There are no known "zero-day" or actively exploited ...

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
Microsoft Rolls Out Mitigations for 'YellowKey' BitLocker ...

web:www.securityweek.com

Microsoft has announced mitigations for CVE -2026-45585, a BitLocker bypass triggered via FsTx in Windows Recovery.

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
KB5087054 - Details, Issues, & Feedback - NinjaOne

web:www.ninjaone.com

Overview KB5087054 is a cumulative security and reliability update for the .NET Framework targeting Windows 11 version 24H2 systems. Released on May 12, 2026, this patch addresses critical vulnerabilities affecting both .NET Framework 3.5 and 4.8.1 installations. The update is designed to be deployed as part of standard maintenance routines and is available through multiple distribution ...

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
Microsoft Releases Mitigation for Windows BitLocker Security Bypass 0 ...

web:cybersecuritynews.com

No patch has been released yet; Microsoft has instead issued a multi-step manual mitigation guide while a formal security update is prepared. Windows BitLocker Security Bypass The vulnerability originates in WinRE's handling of the BootExecute registry value under HKLM\ControlSet001\Control\Session Manager.

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
Oracle Critical Patch Update Advisory - October 2025

web:www.oracle.com

This Critical Patch Update contains 374 new security patches across the product families listed below. Please note that an MOS note summarizing the content of this Critical Patch Update and other Oracle Software Security Assurance activities is located at October 2025 Critical Patch Update: Executive Summary and Analysis.

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
Windows Server emergency patches fix WSUS bug with PoC exploit

web:www.bleepingcomputer.com

Microsoft has released out-of-band (OOB) security updates to patch a critical-severity Windows Server Update Service (WSUS) vulnerability with publicly available proof-of-concept exploit code.

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
Security Update Guide - Microsoft

web:portal.msrc.microsoft.com

The Security Update Guide provides information on the latest Microsoft security updates, helping users understand and address potential vulnerabilities effectively.

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
February's Patch Tuesday release fixes 59 flaws ... - Computerworld

web:www.computerworld.com

Each month, the team at Readiness analyzes the latest Patch Tuesday updates from Microsoft and provides detailed, actionable testing guidance. The company's Patch Tuesday release for February ...

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC
CVE: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures

web:www.cve.org

At cve .org, we provide the authoritative reference method for publicly known information-security vulnerabilities and exposures

2026-05-22 03:25 UTC

AI Forensic Analysis

Only Available for Registered Users. Sign in to view.

Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2025-54782.json.

{
  "containers": {
    "adp": [
      {
        "metrics": [
          {
            "other": {
              "content": {
                "id": "CVE-2025-54782",
                "options": [
                  {
                    "Exploitation": "poc"
                  },
                  {
                    "Automatable": "no"
                  },
                  {
                    "Technical Impact": "total"
                  }
                ],
                "role": "CISA Coordinator",
                "timestamp": "2025-08-04T15:23:27.339034Z",
                "version": "2.0.3"
              },
              "type": "ssvc"
            }
          }
        ],
        "providerMetadata": {
          "dateUpdated": "2025-08-04T15:23:30.116Z",
          "orgId": "134c704f-9b21-4f2e-91b3-4a467353bcc0",
          "shortName": "CISA-ADP"
        },
        "references": [
          {
            "tags": [
              "exploit"
            ],
            "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
          }
        ],
        "title": "CISA ADP Vulnrichment"
      }
    ],
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "product": "nest",
          "vendor": "nestjs",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "< 0.2.1"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "Nest is a framework for building scalable Node.js server-side applications. In versions 0.2.0 and below, a critical Remote Code Execution (RCE) vulnerability was discovered in the @nestjs/devtools-integration package. When enabled, the package exposes a local development HTTP server with an API endpoint that uses an unsafe JavaScript sandbox (safe-eval-like implementation). Due to improper sandboxing and missing cross-origin protections, any malicious website visited by a developer can execute arbitrary code on their local machine. The package adds HTTP endpoints to a locally running NestJS development server. One of these endpoints, /inspector/graph/interact, accepts JSON input containing a code field and executes the provided code in a Node.js vm.runInNewContext sandbox. This is fixed in version 0.2.1."
        }
      ],
      "metrics": [
        {
          "cvssV4_0": {
            "attackComplexity": "LOW",
            "attackRequirements": "NONE",
            "attackVector": "ADJACENT",
            "baseScore": 9.4,
            "baseSeverity": "CRITICAL",
            "privilegesRequired": "NONE",
            "subAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "subIntegrityImpact": "HIGH",
            "userInteraction": "NONE",
            "vectorString": "CVSS:4.0/AV:A/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H",
            "version": "4.0",
            "vulnAvailabilityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnConfidentialityImpact": "HIGH",
            "vulnIntegrityImpact": "HIGH"
          }
        }
      ],
      "problemTypes": [
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-77",
              "description": "CWE-77: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-78",
              "description": "CWE-78: Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an OS Command ('OS Command Injection')",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "descriptions": [
            {
              "cweId": "CWE-352",
              "description": "CWE-352: Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)",
              "lang": "en",
              "type": "CWE"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2025-08-01T23:36:58.421Z",
        "orgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
        "shortName": "GitHub_M"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_CONFIRM"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/nestjs/nest/security/advisories/GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-devtools-integration-rce-poc"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://github.com/JLLeitschuh/nestjs-typescript-starter-w-devtools-integration"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://nodejs.org/api/vm.html"
        },
        {
          "name": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln",
          "tags": [
            "x_refsource_MISC"
          ],
          "url": "https://socket.dev/blog/nestjs-rce-vuln"
        }
      ],
      "source": {
        "advisory": "GHSA-85cg-cmq5-qjm7",
        "discovery": "UNKNOWN"
      },
      "title": "@nestjs/devtools-integration's CSRF to Sandbox Escape Allows for RCE against JS Developers"
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "a0819718-46f1-4df5-94e2-005712e83aaa",
    "assignerShortName": "GitHub_M",
    "cveId": "CVE-2025-54782",
    "datePublished": "2025-08-01T23:36:58.421Z",
    "dateReserved": "2025-07-29T16:50:28.391Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2025-08-04T15:23:30.116Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.1"
}