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CVE-2026-45981

📛 CVE Title

s390/cio: Fix device lifecycle handling in css_alloc_subchannel()

⬇ Download JSON ⚠ View as Threat

Description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/cio: Fix device lifecycle handling in css_alloc_subchannel() `css_alloc_subchannel()` calls `device_initialize()` before setting up the DMA masks. If `dma_set_coherent_mask()` or `dma_set_mask()` fails, the error path frees the subchannel structure directly, bypassing the device model reference counting. Once `device_initialize()` has been called, the embedded struct device must be released via `put_device()`, allowing the release callback to free the container structure. Fix the error path by dropping the initial device reference with `put_device()` instead of calling `kfree()` directly. This ensures correct device lifetime handling and avoids potential use-after-free or double-free issues.

Overview

State
PUBLISHED
Assigner (CNA)
Linux
CVSS severity
high
CVSS score
CVSS 7.1 / 10 7.1 7.1 / 10
CVSS vector
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
Effective score
7.1 / 10 HIGH source: CNA overview
CWE(s)
—
Reserved
2026-05-13
Published
2026-05-27 12:18 UTC
Last updated
2026-06-01 16:16 UTC
Source
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CVEProject/cvelistV5/main/cves/2026/45xxx/CVE-2026-45981.json
Linked Threat
CVE-2026-45981 — CVE-2026-45981

NVD triage scoring NVD CVE 2.0

Layer NVD adds on top of the CNA's CVE record — published / last-modified timestamps, exploitability / impact subscores, and the FIRST.org EPSS probability that this CVE will be exploited in the wild in the next 30 days.

NVD published
2026-05-27 14:17:15 UTC
NVD last modified
2026-06-17 10:52:50 UTC
NVD CVSS v3.1
CVSS 5.5 / 10 5.5 5.5 / 10 MEDIUM source: nvd@nist.gov
NVD CVSS vector
CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
Exploitability subscore
1.8 / 10
Impact subscore
3.6 / 10
EPSS score
0.0013 (probability of exploitation in next 30 days)
EPSS percentile
2.70% vs all CVEs — higher = more likely to be exploited, as of 2026-08-01

NVD-assigned CWE(s): CWE-401 (differs from the CNA list above)

NVD / KEV / EPSS data refreshed 2026-08-01 17:11 UTC. Re-run the 🛰 Backfill from NVD button above to refresh.

European Union Vulnerability Database ENISA EUVD

ENISA's official EU repository for curated vulnerability intelligence. Carries a separate identifier (EUVD-YYYY-NNNN) and frequently exposes an earlier-published description + CVSS than NVD does.

EUVD ID
EUVD-2026-32265
Assigner
Linux
Published
May 27, 2026, 12:18:39 PM
Updated
Jun 1, 2026, 4:16:41 PM
EUVD base score
0.0 / 10
EUVD-reported EPSS
0.1300
Vendors
Linux
Products
Linux (e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d <6715560527e343a387e4a0d2e6c401748e89fa55)
Linux (patch: 6.19.4)
Linux (patch: 7.0)
Linux (e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d <f65c75b0b9b5a390bc3beadcde0a6fbc3ad118f7)
Linux (patch: 6.12.75)
Linux (patch: 6.6.128)
Linux (3.10)
Linux (e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d <abb6e07f46a740cda4f07d1b561ae4eaa7a1df42)
Linux (e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d <c35cfbb5341ba05ad1b4476ffc3c21cc3ff8f603)
Linux (e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d <f96c5ccf95ae5f27218c1ce2d6a3ad2d3e105424)
Linux (patch: 0)
Linux (patch: 6.18.14)
Aliases
GHSA-w3x6-6f6f-54f3

ENISA description: In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/cio: Fix device lifecycle handling in css_alloc_subchannel() `css_alloc_subchannel()` calls `device_initialize()` before setting up the DMA masks. If `dma_set_coherent_mask()` or `dma_set_mask()` fails, the error path frees the subchannel structure directly, bypassing the device model reference counting. Once `device_initialize()` has been called, the embedded struct device must be released via `put_device()`, allowing the release callback to free the container structure. Fix the error path by dropping the initial device reference with `put_device()` instead of calling `kfree()` directly. This ensures correct device lifetime handling and avoids potential use-after-free or double-free issues.

EUVD references (5)

Affected products (2)
VendorProductVersionsPlatforms
Linux Linux e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d (affected), e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d (affected), e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d (affected), e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d (affected), e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d (affected) —
Linux Linux 3.10 (affected), 0 (unaffected), 6.6.128 (unaffected), 6.12.75 (unaffected), 6.18.14 (unaffected), 6.19.4 (unaffected), 7.0 (unaffected) —

Affected products — CPE 2.3 (1) NVD

NVD's normalized CPE 2.3 matchers, used by vendor tools (vulnerability scanners, asset managers) for automated detection. Compare with the CNA's free-text "Affected products" section above.

  • cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

Vendor references (5)

References embedded in the original CVE record by the assigning CNA.

Web references (8)

DuckDuckGo results ranked by threat-intel / vendor advisory domains. Generated by the 🔎 Find references (web) button above — same flow as the Remediations search.

NVD-tagged references (5)

Reference list NVD curates from the CNA record, vendor advisories, and third-party reports. The tag chips below are NVD's analyst-assigned categories.

Remediations (18)

Remediations are stored against the linked Threat row; the list below is deduplicated across both pages.

AI Forensic Analysis

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Raw JSON

The full cvelistV5 record. Download as CVE-2026-45981.json.

{
  "containers": {
    "cna": {
      "affected": [
        {
          "defaultStatus": "unaffected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/s390/cio/css.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "lessThan": "abb6e07f46a740cda4f07d1b561ae4eaa7a1df42",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f96c5ccf95ae5f27218c1ce2d6a3ad2d3e105424",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "6715560527e343a387e4a0d2e6c401748e89fa55",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "c35cfbb5341ba05ad1b4476ffc3c21cc3ff8f603",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d",
              "versionType": "git"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "f65c75b0b9b5a390bc3beadcde0a6fbc3ad118f7",
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "e5dcf0025d7af58f525590ac86ac27cb44714e8d",
              "versionType": "git"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "defaultStatus": "affected",
          "product": "Linux",
          "programFiles": [
            "drivers/s390/cio/css.c"
          ],
          "repo": "https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git",
          "vendor": "Linux",
          "versions": [
            {
              "status": "affected",
              "version": "3.10"
            },
            {
              "lessThan": "3.10",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "0",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.6.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.6.128",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.12.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.12.75",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.18.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.18.14",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "6.19.*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "6.19.4",
              "versionType": "semver"
            },
            {
              "lessThanOrEqual": "*",
              "status": "unaffected",
              "version": "7.0",
              "versionType": "original_commit_for_fix"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "cpeApplicability": [
        {
          "nodes": [
            {
              "cpeMatch": [
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.6.128",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.12.75",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.18.14",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "6.19.4",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                },
                {
                  "criteria": "cpe:2.3:o:linux:linux_kernel:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*",
                  "versionEndExcluding": "7.0",
                  "versionStartIncluding": "3.10",
                  "vulnerable": true
                }
              ],
              "negate": false,
              "operator": "OR"
            }
          ]
        }
      ],
      "descriptions": [
        {
          "lang": "en",
          "value": "In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\ns390/cio: Fix device lifecycle handling in css_alloc_subchannel()\n\n`css_alloc_subchannel()` calls `device_initialize()` before setting up\nthe DMA masks. If `dma_set_coherent_mask()` or `dma_set_mask()` fails,\nthe error path frees the subchannel structure directly, bypassing\nthe device model reference counting.\n\nOnce `device_initialize()` has been called, the embedded struct device\nmust be released via `put_device()`, allowing the release callback to\nfree the container structure.\n\nFix the error path by dropping the initial device reference with\n`put_device()` instead of calling `kfree()` directly.\n\nThis ensures correct device lifetime handling and avoids potential\nuse-after-free or double-free issues."
        }
      ],
      "providerMetadata": {
        "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T16:16:41.646Z",
        "orgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
        "shortName": "Linux"
      },
      "references": [
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/abb6e07f46a740cda4f07d1b561ae4eaa7a1df42"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f96c5ccf95ae5f27218c1ce2d6a3ad2d3e105424"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6715560527e343a387e4a0d2e6c401748e89fa55"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c35cfbb5341ba05ad1b4476ffc3c21cc3ff8f603"
        },
        {
          "url": "https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f65c75b0b9b5a390bc3beadcde0a6fbc3ad118f7"
        }
      ],
      "title": "s390/cio: Fix device lifecycle handling in css_alloc_subchannel()",
      "x_generator": {
        "engine": "bippy-1.2.0"
      }
    }
  },
  "cveMetadata": {
    "assignerOrgId": "416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67",
    "assignerShortName": "Linux",
    "cveId": "CVE-2026-45981",
    "datePublished": "2026-05-27T12:18:39.923Z",
    "dateReserved": "2026-05-13T15:03:33.090Z",
    "dateUpdated": "2026-06-01T16:16:41.646Z",
    "state": "PUBLISHED"
  },
  "dataType": "CVE_RECORD",
  "dataVersion": "5.2"
}